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Pesellino and Workshop, Seven Liberal Arts, c. 1450, Birmingham Museum of Art, K540

Pesellino and Workshop, Seven Liberal Arts, c. 1450, Birmingham Museum of Art, K540

A select bibliography of external publications and resources, organized by period and subject matter.

Basic Texts

Ayres, J. The Artist’s Craft. A History of Tools, Techniques and Materials. Oxford: Phaidon, 1985.

Bomford, D, ed. Underdrawings in Renaissance paintings. London: National Gallery Company; Yale University Press, 2002.

Carr, D. and Leonard, M. Looking at Paintings. A Guide to Technical Terms. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 1992.

Constable, W.C. The Painter’s Craft. Practices, Techniques and Materials. First published in 1954, Dover Publications, various reprintings.

Conti, A, and Glanville, H. A History of the Restoration and Conservation of Works of Art. Oxford [Eng.]: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007. 

Eastlake, C. Methods and Materials of Paintings of the Great Schools and Masters, Volumes I and II. First published in 1847, reprinted by New York: Dover Publications, various reprintings.

De Wild, A.M. The Scientific Examination of Pictures. An investigation of the pigments used by the Dutch and Flemish Masters from the brothers Van Eyck to the middle of the 19th century. London: G. Bell and Sons, 1929.

Doerner, M. The Materials of the Artist and their Use in Painting with Notes on the Techniques of the Old Masters. First published in 1921, various reprintings.

Laurie, A.P. The Technique of the Great Painters. Carroll and Nicholson Ltd., 1949.

Mayer, R. Artist’s Materials and their use in Painting. Various editions.

Stoner, J H and Rushfield, R, eds. The Conservation of Easel Paintings. New York, NY: Routledge, 2012.

Studying and Conserving Paintings. London: Archetype and The Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, 2006.

Toch, M. Paint, Paintings and Restoration. New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., revised edition, 1931.

Artist Materials and Techniques

Treatises on Painting

Bardwell, T. The Practice of Painting and Perspective Made Easy. London: Richardson, 1756. Link

Borghini, R. Il Riposo. Edited by Ellis Lloyd H. University of Toronto Press, 2007. Link

Baldinucci, F. La veglia dialogo di Sincero Veri. 1684. Link

Cennini, Cennino d’Andrea. The Craftsman’s Handbook: Il Libro dell’Arte. New York and London: Dover, 1954.

Di Cennino Cennini Trattato Della Pittura: Messo In Luce La Prima Volta Con Annotazioni Dal Cavaliere Giuseppe Tambroni. Roma: Paolo Salviucci, 1821. Link

Dossie, R. The Handmaid to the Arts: Vol. the First. 1758. Link

Dossie, R. The Handmaid to the Arts: Vol. the Second. 1764. Link

Félibien, A. Des Principes de L’Architecture, de la Sculpture, de la Peinture, et des autres Arts qui en dépendent: avec un Dictionnaire des Termes propres à chacun de ces arts. Paris: 1676. Link

de La Fontaine, J-H. L'Académie de peinture, nouvellement mis à jour pour instruire la jeunesse à bien peindre en huile et en miniature. Paris: J.-B. Loyson, 1679.

Laurie, A.P. The Painter’s Methods & Materials. London: Seeley Service & Co. Limited, 1926. Link

Lomazzo, Giovanni Paolo. Trattato dell’arte della pittura, scultura e architettura. 1585. Link

Merrifield, M. Medieval and Renaissance Treatises on the Arts of Painting. Dover, 1999 (original texts accompanied by English translations).

Muntz, J.H. Encaustic: or Count Caylus’s Method of Painting in the Manner of the Ancients. To which is added A lure and early Method of Fixing of Crayons. London: Chancery Lane, Holborn, 1760. Link

Oudry, Jean-Baptiste. “Discourse on the Practice of Painting and its Main Processes: Underpainting, Overpainting and Retouching”. Delivered to the Academie Royale, 2nd December 1752. Link

Oudry, Jean-Baptiste. “Reflections on the Method of Studying Color by Comparing Objects with Each Other”. Delivered to the Academie Royale, 7th June 1749. Link

Piles, Roger de. Les premiers elemens de la peinture pratique: enrichis de figures de proportion mesurées sur l’antique. Paris: 1684. Link

Piles, Roger de. The Art of Painting, And the Lives of the Painters: Containing, a Compleat Treatise of Painting, Designing, And the Use of Prints : With Reflections On the Works of the Most Celebrated Painters, And of the Several Schools of Europe, As Well Ancient As Modern : Being the Newest, And Most Perfect Work of the Kind Extant. London: Printed for J. Nutt, near Stationers-Hall, 1706. Link

“Preface to Jean-Baptise Oudry’s Lectures on Painting Technique Delivered to the French Royal Academy in 1749 and 1752”. Getty Publications, Los Angeles, CA. Link

Theophilus, On Divers Arts, Dover, New York and London. Link

Watin, Jean-Félix. L’art du peintre, doreur, vernisseur: ouvrage utile aux artistes & aux amateurs qui veulent entreprendre de peindre, dorer et vernir toutes sortes de sujets et bâtiments, meubles, bijoux, équipages, &c. Paris: 1774. Link

Early Italian Painting

Bagnoli, A, et. al. La Maestà di Simone Martini, Silvana Editoriale, 1999.

Berrie, B, Leona, M, McLaughlin, R. “Unusual pigments found in a painting by Giotto (c. 1266-1337) reveal diversity of materials used by medieval artists”. Heritage Science 4, no. 10 (2016). Link

Bomford, D, Dunkerton, J, Gordon, D, Roy, A, and Kirby, J. Art in the making, Italian painting before 1400, National Gallery London, 1990.

Bomford, D., Roy, A., Syson, L. “Gilding and Illusion in the Paintings of Bernardino Fungai”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 27 (2006): 111–120. Link

Boskovits, M. “Jacopo di Cione/Madonna and Child with God the Father Blessing and Angels c. 1370/1375”. In Italian Paintings of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries, NGA Online Editions, 2016. Link

Boskovits, M. “Master of Saint Francis/Saint James Minor c. 1272”. In Italian Paintings of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries, NGA Online Editions, 2016. Link

Boskovits, M. “Master of Saint Francis/Saint John the Evangelist c. 1272”. Italian Paintings of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries, NGA Online Editions, 2016. Link

Boskovits, M. “Nardo di Cione/Madonna and Child, with Saints Peter and John the Evangelist, and Man of Sorrows [entire triptych] c. 1360”. In Italian Paintings of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries, NGA Online Editions, 2016. Link

Burnstock, A. “The Fading of the Virgin’s Robe in Lorenzo Monaco’s “Coronation of the Virgin”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 12 (1988): 58-65. Link

Cannon, J. “The Stoclet 'Man of Sorrows: A Thirteenth-Century Italian Diptych Reunited”. The Burlington Magazine 141, no. 1151 (1999): 107-12. Link

Cerasuolo, A. “Appunti Di Vincenzio Borghini Sul "Libro Dell'arte" Di Cennino Cennini”. Mitteilungen Des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz 58, no. 1 (2016): 117-25. Link

Ciatti, M, “Some observations on panel painting technique in Tuscany from the twelfth to the thirteenth century”, Painting Techniques, History, Materials and Studio Practice, IIC, Contributions to the Dublin Congress, 7-11 September, 1998, pp. 1-4.

Ciatti, M et.al., Il Tabernacolo dei Linaioli del Beato Angelico restaurato, Edifir, Firenze, 2011.

Ciatti, M, Frosinini, C. Pinxit Guillielmus. Il Restauro della Croce di Sarzana, Edifir, Firenze, 2001.

Ciatti, M, Frosinini, C, Bellucci, R. La Croce Dipinta dell’Abbazia di Rosano, Edifir, Firenze, 2007.

Ciatti, M. and Seidel, M. eds. Giotto. The Crucifix in Santa Maria Novella, Edifir, Firenze, 2002.

De Marchi, A. “Il Polittico Di Sassetta per San Francesco a Sansepolcro Perlustrato”. Prospettiva, no. 139/140 (2010): 115-30. Link

di Nepi, S., Roy, A., Billinge, R. “Bernardo Daddi's "Coronation of the Virgin": The Reunion of Two Long-Separated Panel”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 28 (2007): 4–25. Link

Diorio, J., “Neri di Bici and the diffusion of cartoons between fifteenth-century Florentine workshops”, The Renaissance Workshop, London: Archetype, 2013, pp. 170-171.

Dunkerton, J., Christensen, C., Syson, L. “The Master of the Story of Griselda and Paintings for Sienese Palaces”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 27 (2006): 4-71. Link

Dunkerton, J. and Roy, A. “Uccello's "Saint George and the Dragon": Technical Evidence Re-evaluated”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 19 (1998): 26–30. Link

Eveno, M., Ravaud, E., Calligaro, T. et al. “The Louvre Crucifix by Giotto – Unveiling the original decoration by 2D-XRF, X-ray radiography, Emissiography and SEM-EDX analysis”. Herit Sci 2, 17 (2014). Link

Frosinini, C. “Progettualità, pianificazione e disegno nelle Storie della Vera Croce, in Agnolo Gaddi e la Cappella Maggiore di Santa Croce a Firenze”. Studi intorno al restauro, Cinisello Balsamo (2014): 217-233. Link

Frosinini, C, Bellucci, R. “‘Di Greco in Latino’. Considerazioni sull’underdrawing di Giotto come modello mentale, in L’officina di Giotto. Il restauro della Croce di Ognissanti”. Edited by M. Ciatti, Florence (2010): 167-177. Link

Frosinini, C, Monciatti, A. “Il Progetto Di Studio Della Tecnica E Dello Stato Di Conservazione Delle Pitture Murali Di Giotto Nella Basilica Di Santa Croce, Finanziato Dalla Getty Foundation”. OPD Restauro no. 23 (2011): 215-20. Link

Galassi, M.C., “Visual evidence for the use of carta lucida in the Italian Renaissance workshop”, The Renaissance Workshop, London: Archetype, 2013, pp. 130-137.

Gordon, D. “A Dossal by Giotto and His Workshop: Some Problems of Attribution, Provenance and Patronage”. The Burlington Magazine 131, no. 1037 (1989): 524-31. Link

Gordon, D., Bomford, D., Plesters, J., Roy, A. “Nardo di Cione's ‘Altarpiece: Three Saints’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 9 (1985): 21–37. Link

Gordon, D. and Reeve, A. “Three Newly-Acquired Panels from the Altarpiece for Santa Croce by Ugolino di Nerio”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 8 (1984): 36–52. Link

Higgitt, C., Spring, M., Reeve, A., Syson, L. “Working with Perugino: The Technique of an Annunciation attributed to Giannicola di Paolo”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 27 (2006): 96–110. Link

Israëls, M. et. al. Sassetta. The Borgo San Sepolcro Altarpiece. Leiden: Primavera Press, 2009.
Note: This newly published two-volume work contains exhaustive technical research on all aspects of the construction, painting and state of this dismembered and dispersed altarpiece. It is very worthwhile for anyone interested in altarpiece construction.

Kemp, M, Massing, A, Christie, N, Groen, K. “Paolo Uccello's 'Hunt in the Forest’”. The Burlington Magazine 133, no. 1056 (1991): 164-78. Link

MacLennan, D., Llewellyn, L., Delaney, J.K. et al. “Visualizing and measuring gold leaf in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Italian gold ground paintings using scanning macro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy: a new tool for advancing art historical research”. Herit Sci 7, 25 (2019). Link

Miziolek, J. Cassoni Istoriati with ‘Torello and Saladin’: Observations on the Origins of a New Genre of Trecento Art in Florence”. Studies in the History of Art 61 (2002): 442-69. Link

New, B., Howard, H., Billinge, R., Tomlinson, H., Peggie, D., Gordon, D. “Niccolò di Pietro Gerini’s 'Baptism Altarpiece': Technique, Conservation and Original Design”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 33 (2012): 27–49. Link

Plesters, J. and Roy, A. “Nardo di Cione’s altarpiece ‘Three Saints’. The materials and technique: Cennino Cennini’s treatise illustrated”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 9 (1985): 26-37. Link

Ricciardi, P., Facini, M., Delaney, J., “Painting and Illumination in early Renaissance Florence: the techniques of Lorenzo Monaco and his workshop”, The Renaissance Workshop, London: Archetype, 2013, pp. 1-9.

Roy, A. and Gordon, D. “Uccello’s ‘Battle of San Romano’". National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 22 (2001): 4-17. Link

Schmidt, V M. “Portable Polyptychs with Narrative Scenes: Fourteenth-Century De Luxe Objects between Italian Panel Painting and French Arts Somptuaires”. Studies in the History of Art 61 (2002): 394-425. Link

Schmidt, V M. “The Lunette-Shaped Panel and Some Characteristics of Panel Painting”. Studies in the History of Art 61 (2002): 82-101. Link

Skaug, Erling. Punch Marks from Giotto to Fra Angelico, Vol. 1. Oslo: IIC Nordic Group (1994): 16-66.

Thomas, A. The Painters Practice in Renaissance Tuscany, chapter 6: “Production of the Merchandise: practical matters,” Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Villers, C, Lehner, A. “Observations on the Coronation of the Virgin Attributed to Guido Da Siena in the Courtauld Institute Gallery”. Zeitschrift Für Kunstgeschichte 65, no. 3 (2002): 289-302. Link

White, R. "Varnish and early Italian tempera paintings" Cleaning, retouching and coatings: technology and practice for easel paintings and polychrome sculpture, Preprints of the contributions to the Brussels Congress, 3-7 September 1990 (1990): pp.63-69. Link

Early Flemish Painting

Ackroyd, P., Billinge, R., Campbell, L., Kirby, J. “The "Two Tax-Gatherers" by Marinus van Reymerswale: Original and Replica”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 24 (2003): 50–63. Link

Ackroyd, P., Foister, S., Spring, M., White, R., Billinge, R. “A Virgin and Child from the Workshop of Albrecht Dürer?”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 21 (2000): 28–42. Link

Ainsworth, M. W. Early Netherlandish painting at the crossroads: A critical look at current methodologies. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2002. Link

Ainsworth, M. W. “Intentional Alterations of Early Netherlandish Painting”. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Symposium. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. Link

Billinge, R, Campbell, L. “The Infra-red Reflectograms of Jan van Eyck's Portrait of Giovanni(?) Arnolfini and his Wife Giovanna Cenami(?)”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 16 (1995): 47–60. Link

Billinge, R, Campbell, L. “The Triptych of ‘Saint Catherine and the Philosophers’ attributed to Goossen van der Weyden in Southampton City Art Gallery”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 24 (2003): 64–74. Link

Billinge, R, Campbell, L, Dunkerton, J, Foister, S, Kirby, J, Pilc, J, Roy, A, Spring, M, White, R. “Gossaert's ‘Adoration of the Kings’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 18 (1997): 87–97. Link

Billinge, R, Campbell, L, Dunkerton, J, Foister, S, Kirby, J, Pilc, J, Roy, A, Spring, M, White, R. “The Materials and Technique of Five Paintings by Rogier van der Weyden and his Workshop”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 18 (1997): 68–86. Link

Billinge, R, Campbell, L, Dunkerton, J, Foister, S, Kirby, J, Pilc, J, Roy, A, Spring, M, White, R. “Wolf Huber's ‘Christ taking Leave of his Mother’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 18 (1997): 98–112. Link

Bomford, D. “Perspective, Anamorphosis, and Illusion: Seventeenth-Century Dutch Peep Shows”. Studies in the History of Art 55 (1998): 124-35. Link

Bomford, D. and Kirby, J. “Two Panels by the Master of Saint Giles. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 1 (1977): 46–56. Link

Bomford, D., Roy, A., Smith, A. “The Techniques of Dieric Bouts: Two Paintings Contrasted”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 10 (1986): 39–57. Link

Campbell, L, Bomford, D., Roy, A., White, R. "’The Virgin and Child before a Firescreen’: History, Examination and Treatment”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 15 (1994): 20–35. Link

Campbell, L, Foister, S, Roy, A, et. al. “The Methods and Materials of Northern European Painting 1400-1550”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol. 18 (1997): 4-55. Link

Coremans, P., Gettens, R.J., Thissen, J., "La Technique des 'Primitifs' Flamands," Studies in Conservation, Vol 1: Parts I and II (1952): 1-29, Part III (1854): 145-161. Link

Depuydt, L. et al. “Interim report on condition and research, February 2014”. International Commision for the Conservation of the Ghent altarpiece. Preparation for the session of 18 March 2014. ed. Dubois, H. Link

Dunkerton, J. Dürer to Bellini, North and South: painting techniques in VeniceRenaissance Venice and the North: crosscurrents in the time of Bellini, Dürer, and Titian. New York: Rizzoli, 2000, 92-103.

Dunkerton, J. “’The Death of the Virgin’: A Technical Approach to an Art-Historical Problem”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 7 (1983): 20–29. Link

Dunkerton, J. “The Technique and Restoration of ’The Virgin and Child Enthroned, with Four Angels’ by Quinten Massys”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 29 (2008): 60–75. Link

Dunkerton, J., Foister, S., Spring, M. "’The Virgin and Child Enthroned with Angels and Saints’ attributed to Michael Pacher”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 21 (2000): 4–19. Link

Dunkerton, J., Burnstock, A., Smith, A. “Two Wings of an Altarpiece by Martin van Heemskerck”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 12 (1988): 16–35. Link

Feigenbaum, G. “Practice in the Carracci Academy”. Studies in the History of Art 38 (1993): 58-76. Link

Foister, S., Wyld, M., Roy, A. “Hans Holbein's ‘A Lady with a Squirrel and a Starling’". National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 15 (1994): 6–19. Link

Foister, S. “Holbein's Paintings on Canvas: The Greenwich Festivities of 1527”. Studies in the History of Art 60 (2001): 108-23. Link

Hand, J. O., Metzger, C. A., Sponk, R. Prayers and Portraits: Unfolding the Netherlandish Diptych. National Gallery of Art, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2007. Link

Leonard, M., Preusser, F., Rothe, A., Schilling, M. "Dirc Bouts's 'Annunciation' Materials and Technique: a Summary", The Burlington Magazine, July 1988.

Luber, K. C. Recognizing Van Eyck. Philadelphia, PA: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1998. Link

Metzger, K, Berrie, B. “Gerard David’s ‘St. Anne Altarpiece’: Evidence for Workshop Participation.” In Historical Painting Techniques, Materials and Studio Practice, University of Leiden (1995): 127-134. Link

Metzger, K, Palmer, M., “The Washington Portrait of a Lady by Rogier van der Weyden reconsidered in light of recent investigations”, IIC, Contributions to the Dublin Congress, 7-11 September, 1998, pp. 94-97. Link

Roy, A. et al. “The Technique of a ‘Tuchlein’ by Quinten Massys”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 12 (1988): 36-43. Link

Smith, A. and Wyld, M. “Altdorfer's "Christ taking Leave of His Mother". National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 7 (1983): 50–64. Link

Spring, M., Penny, N., White, R., Wyld, M. “Colour Change in ‘The Conversion of the Magdalen’ attributed to Pedro Campaña”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 22 (2001): 54–63. Link

Spring, M. “New insights into the materials of fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Netherlandish paintings in the National Gallery, London”. Herit Sci 5, 40 (2017). Link

van Asperen de Boer, J.R.J. Bé, K., Butler, M. H., Luber, K. C., Klein, P., Rishel, Smeyers, M., Snyder, J, Spantigati, C. Jan van Eyck: Two paintings of Saint Francis receiving the stigmata. Philadelphia, PA: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1997. Link

van de Laar, M, de Haan, D, Karuvits, O, Wallert, A, Wolters, M. “From Wood to Canvas: Anthonis Mor, Portraits of Sir Thomas Gresham and Anne Fernely”. The Rijksmuseum Bulletin 58, no. 3 (2010): 246-65. Link

van Grevenstein, A, Spronk, R. “Lasting Support: An interdisciplinary research project to assess the structural condition of the Ghent Altarpiece”. Final project report, October 9, 2011. Link

Villers, C, Van Heemstra, G, Reynolds, C. “A Fourteenth-Century German Triptych in the Courtauld Gallery”. The Burlington Magazine 139, no. 1135 (1997): 668-75. Link

Wyld, M. “The Restoration History of Holbein's ‘The Ambassadors’". National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 19 (1998): 4–25. Link

Wyld, M., Roy, A., Smith, A. “Gerard David's ‘The Virgin and Child with Saints and a Donor’". National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 3 (1979): 51–65. Link

Spanish Painting

Barry, C. “The Making of the Ciudad Rodrigo Altarpiece”. In Fernando Gallego and His Workshop. The Altarpiece from Ciudad Rodrigo. Edited by Dotseth, A. et. al., Philip Wilson Publishers, 2008, 147-245.

Lombard Painting

Capella, M. et. al. Vincenzo Foppa. Tecniche d’esecuzione, Indagini e Restauri. Symposium papers, Skira, 2002.

Dunkerton, J. and Plazzotta, C. “Vincenzo Foppa’s Adoration of the Kings”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol. 22 (2001): 18-28. Link

Spring, M., Mazzotta, A., Roy, A., Billinge, R., and Peggie, D. “Painting Practice in Milan,” National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 32 (2011): 78-112. Link

Northern European Painting

Foister, S, Roy, A., Wyld, M. Making and Meaning, Holbein’s Ambassadors. London: National Gallery Publications, 1977.

Goldberg, G., Heimberg, B., Schawe, M. Albrecht Dürer, Die Gemalde der Alten Pinakothek, Bayerische Staatsgemaldessammlungen Munchen, 1998.

Massing, A. (ed.). “Painting and Practice: ‘The Thornham Parva Retable’”. The Hamilton Kerr Institute Bulletin, Cambridge: The University of Cambridge (2003).

Tuscan Renaissance

Aronson, M. "The Re-Restoration of Antonio Del Pollaiuolo's “Hercules and Deianira’". Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin (1999): 44-4. Link

Baldini, U and Casazza, O. La primavera del Botticelli: storia di un quadro e di un restauro. Milan: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1984.

Bambach, C. Drawing and Painting in the Italian Renaissance workshop: theory and practice, 1300-1600, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. (6 parts online) Link

Bayer, A., Gallagher, M., Centeno, S.A., Delaney, J., Read, E. “Andrea del Sarto’s Borgherini Holy Family and Charity: Two Intertwined Late Works”. Metropolitan Museum Journal v 52 (2017). Link

Berti, L. et. al. Il Tondo Doni di Michelangelo. Il suo restauro, Gli Uffizi, Studi e Ricerche 2, Centro di, Florence, 1985.

Berti, L. et. al. La Nascita di Venere e Annunciazione di Botticelli restaurate, Gli Uffizi, Studi e Ricerche 4, Centro di, Florence, 1987.

Bomford, D., Brough, J., Roy, A. “Three Panels from Perugino's Certosa di Pavia Altarpiece”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 4 (1980): 3–31. Link

Braham, A. and Wyld, M. “Raphael's ‘S. John the Baptist Preaching’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 8 (1984): 15–23. Link

Cecchi, A, Freschi, S, MacGregor, N. "The Conservation of Antonio and Piero Del Pollaiuolo's Altar-Piece for the Cardinal of Portugal's Chapel." The Burlington Magazine 141, no. 1151 (1999): 81-88. Link

Christensen, C. "Examination and Treatment of Paintings by Raphael at the National Gallery of Art." Studies in the History of Art 17 (1986): 47-54. Link

Christiansen, K., Kanter, L.B., Strehlke, C.B. Painting in Renaissance Siena, 1420-1500. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art Publications, 1988. Link

Colalucci, G. Michelangelo and I: Facts, people, surprises and discoveries in the restoration of the Sistine Chapel. Città del Vaticano: Musei Vaticani, 2016.

Cooper, D, and Plazzotta, C. "Raphael's Ansidei Altarpiece in the National Gallery." The Burlington Magazine 146, no. 1220 (2004): 720-31. Link

Costaras, N and Richardson, C. "Botticelli’s Portrait of a Lady Known as Smeralda Bandinelli: A Technical Study." In Botticelli Past and Present, edited by Debenedetti Ana and Elam Caroline, 36-52. London: UCL Press, 2019. Link

Delaney, J.K. et al. “New Light on Verrochio’s Art: Spectral Imaging of the Paintings''. In Verrocchio: Sculptor and Painter of Renaissance Florence, 329. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2019.

Dunkerton, J. “Leonardo in Verrocchio’s Workshop: Re-examining the Technical Evidence”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 32 (2011): 4–31. Link

Dunkerton, J. "Modifications to traditional egg tempera techniques in fifteenth-century Italy. Early Italian paintings: techniques and analysis". Symposium, Maastricht, 9-10 October 1996. Maastricht, Limburg Conservation Institute, 1997.

Dunkerton, J. and Penny, N. “The Infrared Examination of Raphael’s ‘Garvagh Madonna’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 14 (1993): 6-21. Link

Dunkerton, J, and Roy, A. "The Altered Background of Raphael's 'Portrait of Pope Julius II' in the National Gallery." The Burlington Magazine 146, no. 1220 (2004): 757-59. Link

Dunkerton, J. and Roy, A. “The Materials of a Group of Late Fifteenth Century Florentine Panel Paintings”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol. 17 (1996): 20-31. Link

Dunkerton, J. and Roy, A. “Uccello’s ‘St. George and the Dragon’: Technical Evidence Re-evaluated”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 19 (1998): 26-30. Link

Dunkerton, J. and Syson, L. “In Search of Verrocchio the Painter: The Cleaning and Examination of ‘The Virgin and Child with Two Angels’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 31 (2010): 4–41. Link

Dunkerton, J. and White, R. “The Discovery and Identification of an Original Varnish on a Panel by Carlo Crivelli”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 21 (2000): 70-76. Link

Frosinini, C and Bellucci, R. “Ripensando Piero della Francesca. Il Polittico della Misericordia di Sansepolcro. Storia, studi e indagini tecnico-scientifiche”. Firenze: 2010. Link

Gallagher, M. "A New Painting by Perino Del Vaga: Recent Cleaning and Technical Observations." The Burlington Magazine 153, no. 1303 (2011): 650-52. Link

Gordon, D., Wyld, M., Roy, A. “Fra Angelico’s Predella for the High Altarpiece of San Domenico, Fiesole”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 23 (2002): 4–19. Link

Gordon, D. "The Altar-Piece by Lorenzo Monaco in the National Gallery, London." The Burlington Magazine 137, no. 1112 (1995): 723-27. Link

Hirschauer, G A. and Walmsley, E. “Verrocchio's Spring: Collaboration in the Painting Workshop”. In Verrocchio: Sculptor and Painter of Renaissance Florence, 69-85. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2019.

Hirst, M. and Dunkerton, J. Making and Meaning: The Young Michelangelo. London: National Gallery Publications Limited, 1994.

Keith, L. “Andrea del Sarto’s ‘The Virgin and Child with Elizabeth and St. John the Baptist’: Technique and Critical Reputation”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 22 (2001): 42-53. Link

Keith, L. “Giulio Romano and ‘The Birth of Jupiter’: Studio Practice and Reputation”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 24 (2003): 38–49. Link

Keith, L. and Roy, A. “Giampietrino, Boltraffio, and the Influence of Leonardo”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 17 (1996): 4-19. Link

Lazzarini, L. 'Le Analisi di Laboratorio', 'La Pala Barbarigo di Giovanni Bellini', Quaderni della Soprintendenza ai Beni Artistici e Storici di Venezia, 3 (1983): 23-8.

Mancini, G. "History of a Fake: 'The Virgin and Child with an Angel' after Francesco Francia in the National Gallery, London." The Burlington Magazine 155, no. 1325 (2013): 546-51. Link

Marani, P., et.al. Leonardo. The Last Supper. Chicago: University of Chicago, 2001.

Merrill, R M. "Examination and Treatment of the "Small Cowper Madonna" by Raphael at the National Gallery of Art." Studies in the History of Art 17 (1986): 139-47. Link

Pagden, S F. "The Early Raphael and His Umbrian Contemporaries." Studies in the History of Art 17 (1986): 93-107. Link

Plazzotta, C and Keith, L. "Bronzino's 'Allegory': New Evidence of the Artist's Revisions." The Burlington Magazine 141, no. 1151 (1999): 89-99. Link

Plazzotta, C., O'Malley, M., Roy, A., White, R., Wyld, M. '"The Madonna di Loreto": An Altarpiece by Perugino for Santa Maria dei Servi, Perugia”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 27 (2006): 72–95. Link

Rodríguez-López, A, Khandekar, N, Gates, G and Newman, R. "Materials and Techniques of a Spanish Renaissance Panel Painting." Studies in Conservation 52, no. 2 (2007): 81-100. Link

Rothe, A. “Andrea Mantegna’s ‘Adoration of the Magi’”. In Historical Painting Techniques, Materials and Studio Practice, 111-116. University of Leiden, June 1995. Link

Roy, A., et.al. “Raphael’s Early Work in the National Gallery: Paintings Before Rome”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 25 (2004): 4-35. Link

Roy, A. and Mancini, G. “‘The Virgin and Child with an Angel’, after Francia: A History of Error”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 31 (2010): 64–77. Link

Rowlands, E. W. Massaccio: Saint Andrew and the Pisa Altarpiece. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Museum Studies on Art, 2003. Link

Shearman, J, Hall, M., ed. The Princeton Raphael Symposium: Science in the Service of Art History. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990.

Solberg, Gail E. "A Reconstruction of Taddeo Di Bartolo's Altar-Piece for S. Francesco a Prato, Perugia." The Burlington Magazine 134, no. 1075 (1992): 646-56. Link

Strehlke, C. and Frosinini, C. The Panel Paintings of Masaccio and Masolino. Milan: Five Continents, 2002.

Syson, L, and Billinge, R. "Leonardo Da Vinci's Use of Underdrawing in the 'Virgin of the Rocks' in the National Gallery and 'St. Jerome' in the Vatican." The Burlington Magazine 147, no. 1228 (2005): 450-63. Link

Tucker, M. et.al. “Technique and Pontormo’s Portrait of Alessandro de’ Medici”, Pontormo, Bronzino and the Medici: The Transformation of the Renaissance Portrait in Florence, Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2004, pp. 34-54.

Sixteenth Century Venetian Painting

Anderson, J. "The Provenance of Bellini's Feast of the Gods and a New/Old Interpretation." Studies in the History of Art 45 (1993): 264-87. Link

Bayer, A, Mahon, D, Centeno, S A. "An Examination of Paolo Veronese’s Portrait of Alessandro Vittoria". Metropolitan Museum Journal v. 52 (2017). Link

Bayer, A, Gallagher, M, Centeno, S A. "Jacopo Bassano's ‘Baptism of Christ’". Artibus Et Historiae 34, no. 68 (2013): 83-103. Link

Brown, D A. "The Pentimenti in The Feast of the Gods." Studies in the History of Art 45 (1993): 288-99. Link

Brown, D.A. et. al. “Bellini, Giorgione and Titian and the Renaissance of Venetian Painting”. Technical Studies (2006): 285-310.

Bull, D, Plesters, J, Brown, C J, and Doumato, L. "Monograph Series II: The Feast of the Gods: Conservation, Examination, and Interpretation." Studies in the History of Art 40 (1990): 3-106. Link

Bull, D. "The Feast of the Gods: Conservation and Investigation." Studies in the History of Art 45 (1993): 366-73. Link

Carabell, P. "Finito and Non-Finito in Titian's Last Paintings." RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics no. 28 (1995): 78-93. Link

Daffara, C., Moioli, P., Salvadori, O., Seccaroni, C. Le Storie di Ester di Paolo Veronese in San Sebastiano: Studio dei processi esecutivi attraverso diagnostica per immagini. Italy: Nardini Editore, 2014.

DeLancey, J A. "'In the Streets Where They Sell Colors': Placing "vendecolori" in the Urban Fabric of Early Modern Venice." Wallraf-Richartz-Jahrbuch 72 (2011): 193-232. Link

Dunkerton, J. “Giorgione and not Giorgione: The Conservation History and Technical Examination of "Il Tramonto'''. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 31 (2010): 42–63. Link

Dunkerton, J. “Recovering Titian: The Cleaning and Restoration of Three Overlooked Canvas Paintings” National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol. 34 (2013): 106–21. Link

Dunkerton, J. “Tintoretto’s Underdrawing for ‘St. George and the Dragon’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 28 (2007): 26-35. Link

Dunkerton, J. and Howard, H. “Sebastiano del Piombo’s Raising of Lazarus: A History of Change”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 30 (2009): 26-47. Link

Dunkerton, J., Penny, N., Spring, M. “The Technique of Garofalo’s Paintings at the National Gallery”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 23 (2002): 20-41. Link

Dunkerton, J., Penny, N., Roy, A. “Two Paintings by Lorenzo Lotto in the National Gallery”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 19 (1998): 52–63. Link

Dunkerton, J. and Roy, A. “The Technique and Restoration of Cima's "The Incredulity of S. Thomas"'. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 10 (1986): 4–27. Link

Dunkerton, J, and Spring, M. “The Development of painting on coloured surfaces in sixteenth century Italy”, IIC, Contributions to the Dublin Congress, 7-11 September, 1998, p. 120-30. Link

Dunkerton, J. and Spring, M., with contributions from Billinge, R., Kalinina, K., Morrison, R., Macaro, G., Peggie, D. and Roy, A. “Titian’s Painting Technique to c.1540”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol. 34 (2013): 4–31. Link

Echols, R. "Titian's Venetian Soffitti: Sources and Transformations." Studies in the History of Art 45 (1993): 28-49. Link

Falomir, M. "Titian, Jacopo Bassano and the ‘Purification of the Temple’". Artibus Et Historiae 34, no. 67 (2013): 275-84. Link

Freedberg, S.J. "The Attribution of the Allendale Nativity." Studies in the History of Art 45 (1993): 50-71. Link

Gasanova, S., Bakirtzis, N., Hermon, S. “Non-invasive sub-surface analysis of the male portrait underlying the Titian’s Studio Ecce Homo”. Herit Sci 5, 33 (2017). Link

Griswold, S P. "Two Paintings by El Greco: Saint Martin and the Beggar: Analysis and Comparison." Studies in the History of Art 41 (1993): 132-55. Link

Hills, P. Venetian Color: Marble, Mosaic, Painting and Glass, 1250-1550. Yale University Press, 1999.

Humfrey, P. “Titian, Italian 16th Century/Venus and Adonis c. 1540s/c. 1560-1565.” In Italian Paintings of the Sixteenth Century, NGA Online Editions, 2019. Link

Joannides, P. and Dunkerton, J. '"A Boy with a Bird" in the National Gallery: Two Responses to a Titian Question”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 28 (2007): 36–57. Link

Lank, H. "The Kingston Lacy 'Judgment of Solomon'". The Burlington Magazine 128, no. 1004 (1986): 809. Link

Lank, H. "Titian's 'Perseus and Andromeda': Restoration and Technique." The Burlington Magazine 124, no. 952 (1982): 400-06. Link

Lazzarini, L. et al. "Titian's Technique", Titian, Prince of Painters, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., 1990, pp. 377 ff.

Lucas, A and Plesters, J. "Titian's Bacchus and Ariadne”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol. 2 (1978): 25-48. Link

Marconi, A., “Un Caso Specifico: L’Amor Sacro e L’Amor Profano”, Bollettino D’Arte,  Supplemento, Giovanni Secco Suardo, La cultura del restauro tra tutela e conservazione dell’opera, d’arte, Atti del convegno internazionali di studi, Bergamo, 9-11 marzo, 1995, Ministero per I Beni Culturali e Ambientali, Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, pp 145-8.

Mckim-Smith, G, del Carmen Garrido, M, and Fisher, S L. "A Note on Reading El Greco's Revisions: A Group of Paintings of the Holy Family." Studies in the History of Art 18 (1985): 67-77. Link

Nygren, C J. “Titian’s Ecce Homo on Slate: Stone, Oil, and the Transubstantiation of Painting”. The Art Bulletin 99:1 (2017): 36-66. Link

Penny, N. and Spring, M. “Veronese’s Paintings in the National Gallery: Technique and Materials: Parts I and II”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol. 16 (1995): 4-29, and V. 17 (1996): 32-55.
Part I: Link
Part II: Link

Pignatti, T. "Abbozzi and Ricordi: New Observations on Titian's Technique." Studies in the History of Art 45 (1993): 72-83. Link

Plesters, J. "Examination of Giovanni Bellini's Feast of the Gods: A Summary and Interpretation of the Results." Studies in the History of Art 45 (1993): 374-91. Link

Plesters, J. "Tintoretto's paintings in the National Gallery London". National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol. 3 (1979): 3-24, Vol. 4 (1980): 32-48, Vol. 8 (1984): 24-35.
Part I: Link
Part II: Link
Part III: Link

Plesters, J. and Lazzarini, L. "Preliminary Observations on the Technique and Materials of Tintoretto", ICC Lisbon Congress, 1972. Link

Rothe, A. et. al. “Technical Examinations of Titian’s Venus and Adonis: A Note on Early Italian Oil Painting Technique”. In Historical Painting Techniques, Materials and Studio Practice, 117-126. University of Leiden, June 1995. Link

Rutherglen, S. “Painting at the Threshold: Pictures for Doors in Renaissance Venice”. The Art Bulletin 98, 4 (2016): 438-465. Link

Scirè, G N. "Tecniche Esecutive Di Alcuni Dipinti Di Tiziano." Studies in the History of Art 45 (1993): 400-13. Link

Spezzani, P. "Indagini Non Distruttive Sui Dipinti Di Tiziano in Venezia." Studies in the History of Art 45 (1993): 392-99. Link

Stevanato, R, Rovea, M, Ganzerla, R, Calogero, S. "Analysis of paint media: Giorgione (1478-1510) " Atti del Convegno Nazionale di Chimica Analitica, Società chimica italiana, Università di Pavia, 1992, pp.235-237.

Uffelman, E. S., Court, E., Marciari, J., Miller, A., Cox, L. “Handheld XRF Analyses of Two Veronese Paintings”. In Collaborative Endeavors in the Chemical Analysis of Art and Cultural Heritage Materials, Chapter 3, 51-73. July 10, 2012. Link

Sixteenth Century Italian Painting

Alzeni, R. “’La Camera Rischiarata’: Rendiconto di un Restauro,” Federico Barocci, La Madonna della Gatta, eds: Natali, A., Onali, M. Silvana Editoriale, 2004, pp. 47-61.

Braham, A. and Dunkerton, J. “Fragments of a Ceiling Decoration by Dosso Dossi”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 5 (1981): 27–37. Link

Campbell, L., Dunkerton, J., Kirby, J., Monnas, L. “Two Panels by Ercole de' Roberti and the Identification of ‘Veluto Morello’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 22 (2001): 29–41. Link

Dunkerton, J. “Cosimo Tura as Painter and Draughtsman: The Cleaning and Examination of his ‘Saint Jerome’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 15 (1994): 42–53. Link

Dunkerton, J. “The Technique and Restoration of Bramantino's ‘Adoration of the Kings’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 14 (1993): 42–61. Link

Dunkerton, J., Penny, N., Spring, M. “The Technique of Garofalo’s Paintings at the National Gallery”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 23 (2002): 20–41. Link

Dunkerton, J., Plazzotta, C. “Vincenzo Foppa's ‘Adoration of the Kings’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 22 (2001): 18–28. Link

Dunkerton, J., Roy, A., Smith, A. “The Unmasking of Tura's ‘Allegorical Figure’: A Painting and its Concealed Image”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 11 (1987): 5–35. Link

Dunkerton, J., and Smith, A. “Ercole de' Roberti's ‘The Last Supper’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 10 (1986): 33–38. Link

Dunkerton, J., and White, R. “The Discovery and Identification of an Original Varnish on a Panel by Carlo Crivelli”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 21 (2000): 70–76. Link

Keith, L. and Roy, A. “Giampietrino, Boltraffio, and the Influence of Leonardo”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 17 (1996): 4–19. Link

Malagodi, M., Rovetta, T., Licchelli, M. “Study of materials and techniques in painted ceiling panels from a palace in Cremona (Italy, 15th century)”. Herit Sci 2, 9 (2014). Link

Oriola-Folch, M., Campo-Francés, G., Nualart-Torroja, A. et al. “Novel nanomaterials to stabilise the canvas support of paintings assessed from a conservator’s point of view”. Herit Sci 8, 23 (2020). Link

Roy, A, Smith, P, and Bomford, D. “Painting techniques: history, materials and studio practice: contributions to the Dublin Congress 7-11” International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, London: September 1998.

Spring, M., Mazzotta, A., Roy, A., Billinge, R., Peggie, D. “Painting Practice in Milan in the 1490s: The Influence of Leonardo”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 32 (2011): 78–112. Link

Seventeenth Century Italian, French, and Spanish Painting

Allden, M, and Beresford, R. "Two Altar-Pieces by Philippe De Champaigne: Their History and Technique." The Burlington Magazine 131, no. 1035 (1989): 395-406. Link

Barry, C., Georges de La Tour and his World. Washington: National Gallery of Art; New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.

Christiansen, K. "Caravaggio and l'esempio davanti del naturale", The Art Bulletin (1986): 421-55. Link

Christiansen, K. A Caravaggio Rediscovered, The Lute Player. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1990.

Christiansen, K. "Fresh Light on Caravaggio's Earliest Period: His 'Cardsharps' Rediscovered". The Burlington Magazine (January 1988): 11. Link

Erdmann, R, Richard, C., Schafer, M, Twilley, J, Sawyer, T. “Reuniting Poussin's Bacchanals Painted for Cardinal Richelieu through Quantitative Canvas Weave Analysis”. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation (2013). Link

Fahy, E, Rousseau, T, and von Sonneburg, H. “Juan de Pareja by Diego Velazquez”. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin v. 29, no. 10, Part II (June 1971). Link

García-Máiquez, J, Dávila, R, Portús Pérez, J. “Los retratos ecuestres de Felipe III y Margarita de Austria de Velázquez para el Salón de Reinos”. Museo del Prado Boletin Issue 29 (2011): 16. Link

Glanville, H. "Aspect and Prospect – Poussin's ‘Triumph of Silenus’". Artibus Et Historiae 37, no. 74 (2016): 241-54. Link

Glanville, H. "Varnish, Grounds, Viewing Distance, and Lighting: Some Notes on Seventeenth Century Italian Painting Technique". In Historical Painting Techniques, Materials and Studio Practice,12-19. University of Leiden, June 1995. Link

Greaves, J. "Technical Studies Relating to the Attribution of Caravaggio's 'The Conversion of the Magdalene' in the Detroit Institute of Arts", Bulletin AIC 14, No.2 (1974): 15-21. Link

Gregori et al. Come nascono i capolavori, Electa, Milano, 1991.

Griswold, S. “Two Paintings by El Greco, Analysis and Comparison”. Conservation Research, National Gallery of Art, Washington, Studies in the History of Art, Monograph Series II (1993):133-157.

Groen, K. "Scanning Electron Microscopy as an Aid in the Study of Blanching", The Bulletin of the Hamilton Kerr Institute, No. 1 (1988): 48-65.

Hale, C. “Dating Velazquez’s The Supper at Emmaus”. Metropolitan Museum Journal, Volume 40 (2005). Link

Harr, J. The Lost Painting. The Quest for a Caravaggio Masterpiece, Part III, The Restorer. Random House, New York, 2005, 143-248.

Harris, E, Lank, H. "The Cleaning of Velázquez's Portrait of Camillo Massimi." The Burlington Magazine 125, no. 964 (1983): 410-392. Link

Keith, L. “Three Paintings by Caravaggio”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 19 (1998): 37–51. Link

Keith, L. “Velasquez’s Painting Technique”. In Velasquez. National Gallery Company, London (2006): 70-91.

Keith, L., Carr, D.W. “Velázquez's ‘Christ after the Flagellation’: Technique in Context”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 30 (2009): 52–70. Link

de La Fontaine, J-H. L'Académie de peinture, nouvellement mis à jour pour instruire la jeunesse à bien peindre en huile et en miniature, Paris: J.-B. Loyson, 1679.

Lank, H. and Pemberton-Pigott, V. "The Use of Dimethylformamide Vapour in Reforming Blanched Oil Paintings”, in N. Brommelle and P. Smith, Conservation and Restoration of Pictorial Art, London: Butterworths, 1976, pp. 103-109.

Lydon, M. "The Prodigal Son Restored." Irish Arts Review (2002-) 29, no. 1 (2012): 90-95. Link

Massing, A. “From Books of Secrets to Encyclopedias: Painting Techniques in France between 1600 and 1800.” In Historical Painting Techniques, Materials and Studio Practice, 20-29. University of Leiden, June 1995. Link

McKim-Smith, G, Andersen-Bergdoll, G., Newman, R. Examining Velasquez. Yale: Yale University Press, 1988.

Sawyer, C, and Steele, M. "Poussin's "Holy Family on the Steps": New Technical Discoveries, Comparisons, and the Washington Copy." Cleveland Studies in the History of Art 4 (1999): 112-60. Link

Mena Marqués, M. "La Restauración de Las Meninas de Velazquez" Boletin del Museo del Prado, Vol. 5, No.14 (1984): 87-107.

Veliz, Z. Artist's Techniques in Golden Age Spain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
Wallert, A., Hermens, E., Peek, M, eds. Historical painting techniques, materials, and studio practice. Preprints of a symposium, University of Leiden, the Netherlands, 26-29. June 1995. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Conservation Institute. Link

Seventeenth Century Dutch and Flemish Painting

Ainsworth, M. et al.“Art and Autoradiography: Insight into the genesis of paintings by Rembrandt, Van Dyck and Vermeer”. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1982.

Albertson, G, Centeno, SA, and Eaker, A. "Margareta Haverman, A Vase of Flowers: An Innovative Artist Reexamined". Metropolitan Museum Journal v. 54 (2019). Link

Albrecht, M., de Noord, O., Meloni, S. et al. “Jan Steen’s ground layers analysed with Principal Component Analysis”. Herit Sci 7, 53 (2019). Link

Bijl, Martin, and Kloek, W. "A Painting Re-attributed to Aelbert Cuyp: Connoisseurship and Technical Research." The Burlington Magazine 156, no. 1331 (2014): 91-98. Link

Bradley, L, Meloni, S, Uffelman, E, Mass, J. “Scientific Examination and Treatment of a Painting by Gijsbert Gillisz d’Hondecoeter in the Mauritshuis”. ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 1103 (2012). Link

De Keyser, N., Van der Snickt, G., Van Loon, A. et al. “Jan Davidsz. de Heem (1606–1684): a technical examination of fruit and flower still lifes combining MA-XRF scanning, cross-section analysis and technical historical sources”. Herit Sci 5, 38 (2017). Link

Gifford, M. “Style and Technique in Dutch Landscape Painting in the 1620’s” In Historical Painting Techniques, Materials and Studio Practice, 140-147. University of Leiden, June 1995. Link

Groen, K and Murray, S., “Four early Dutch flower paintings examined with reference to Crispijn van de Passe’s Den Blom-Hof”, Hamilton Kerr Institute, Bulletin 2, University of Cambridge, 1994, pp7-20.

Hendriks, E, van Eikema Hommes, M. and Levy-van Halm, K., “Indigo used in the Haarlem civic guard group portraits by Frans Hals”, IIC, Contributions to the Dublin Congress, 7-11 September, 1998, pp. 166-70. Link

Keith, L. "Carel Fabritius' ‘A View in Delft’: Some Observations on Its Treatment and Display." National Gallery Technical Bulletin 15 (1994): 54-78. Link

Kirby, J. “The Painter's Trade in the Seventeenth Century: Theory and Practice”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 20 (1999): 5–49. Link

Krekeler, A, Smeenk-Metz, E, Benders, Z, and van de Laar, M. "Consistent Choices: A Technical Study of Johannes Cornelisz Verspronck's Portraits in the Rijksmuseum." The Rijksmuseum Bulletin 62, no. 1 (2014): 2-23. Link

Palmer, M, and Gifford, M."Jan Steen's Painting Practice: The Dancing Couple in the Context of the Artist's Career." Studies in the History of Art 57 (1997): 126-55. Link

Roy, A, ed. “Painting in Antwerp and London: Rubens and Van Dyck”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol. 20 (1999). Link

Simoen, J., De Meyer, S., Vanmeert, F. et al. “Combined Micro- and Macro scale X-ray powder diffraction mapping of degraded Orpiment paint in a 17th century still life painting by Martinus Nellius”. Herit Sci 7, 83 (2019). Link

Spring, M. and Keith, L. “Aelbert Cuyp’s Large Dort. Colour Change and Conservation”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin (2009): 71-85. Link

Stols-Witlox, M. "'By No Means a Trivial Matter'. The Influence of the Colour of Ground Layers on Artists' Working Methods and on the Appearance of Oil Paintings, According to Historical Recipes from North West Europe, C. 1550-1900." Oud Holland 128, no. 4 (2015): 171-86. Link

Vandivere, A. "Changes of Identity in "Garland of Flowers and Vase" by Gaspar Peeter Verbruggen the Younger." Oud Holland 122, no. 2/3 (2009): 164-80. Link

van Dorst, S. “Daniel Seghergs, phoenix of flower-painters”. Hamilton Kerr Institute Bulletin number 6 (2016), Cambridge: The University of Cambridge.

van Loon, A., Noble, P., Krekeler, A. et al. “Artificial orpiment, a new pigment in Rembrandt’s palette”. Herit Sci 5, 26 (2017). Link

 

Rembrandt


Bomford, D. et al. Art in the Making: Rembrandt. New edition, London: National Gallery Company, 2006.

Brown, C, and Roy, A. "Rembrandt's 'Alexander the Great'." The Burlington Magazine 134, no. 1070 (1992): 286-98. Link

Dooley, K.A., Gifford, E.M., van Loon, A. et al. “Separating two painting campaigns in Saul and David, attributed to Rembrandt, using macroscale reflectance and XRF imaging spectroscopies and microscale paint analysis”. Herit Sci 6, 46 (2018). Link

Liedtke, W., Von Sonnenberg, H. Rembrandt/Not Rembrandt in The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Aspects of Connoisseurship. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1995.

Noble, P, van Duijn, E, Hermens, E, Keune, K, van Loon, A, Smelt, S, Tauber, G, Erdmann, R. "An Exceptional Commission: Conservation History, Treatment and Painting Technique of Rembrandt’s Marten and Oopjen, 1634." The Rijksmuseum Bulletin 66, no. 4 (2018): 308-45. Link

Noble, P, van Loon, A, Alfeld, M, Janssens, K, Dik, J. “Rembrandt and/or Studio, Saul and David, c.1655: visualising the curtain using cross-section analyses and X-ray fluorescence imaging”. Techne C2RMF. (2012): 36-45. Link

Middelkoop, N. et. al. Rembrandt under the scalpel: the Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolas Tulp Dissected, The Hague: Mauritshuis; Amsterdam: Six Art Promotion, 1998.

Scallen, C B. Rembrandt, Reputation, and the Practice of Connoisseurship. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2004. Link

Talley, M K Jr. “Connoisseurship and the methodology of the Rembrandt Research Project”. International Journal of Museum Management and Curatorship Volume 8, Issue 2 (June 1989): 175-214. Link

Van der Wettering, E. Rembrandt: The Painter at Work. Eurospan, 1997.

Wallert, A. Techniques and Style. An Examination of Paintings from the Rijksmuseum. Waanders, 1999.

White, R. “Rembrandt and his Circle: Seventeenth-Century Dutch Paint Media Re-examined”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 15 (1994): 64-78. Link

 

Rubens


Altamora, M.L. “La tecnica artistica di Rubens nelle due grandi tele degli Uffizi”, Rubens agli Uffizi. Il restauro delle Storie di Enrico IV, Edifer, Florence, 2001, pp. 49-60.

Brown, C. “The Making of the Landscapes,” Making and Meaning. Rubens’s Landscapes. Chapter 8, National Gallery Publications Ltd., 1996, pp. 95-103.

Brown, C., Reeve, A., Wyld, M. “Rubens’ ‘The Watering Place’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 6 (1982): 26–39. Link

Buck, R D. "Rubens’ The Gerbier Family: Examination and Treatment." Studies in the History of Art 5 (1973): 32-53. Link

Feller, R L. "Rubens’ The Gerbier Family: Technical Examination of the Pigments and Paint Layers." Studies in the History of Art 5 (1973): 54-74. Link

Keische, B, and Callahan, R C. "Rubens’ The Gerbier Family: Investigation by Lead Isotope Mass Spectrometry." Studies in the History of Art 5 (1973): 75-78. Link

Oliver, L., Healy, F., Roy, A., Billinge, R. “The Evolution of Rubens's ‘Judgement of Paris’ (NG194)”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 26 (2005): 4–22. Link

Plesters, J. “‘Samson and Delilah’: Rubens and the Art and Craft of Painting on Panel”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 7 (1983): 30–49. Link

Roy, A. “Rubens's ‘Peace and War’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 20 (1999): 89–95. Link

Stechow, W. "Peter Paul Rubens’ Deborah Kip, Wife of Sir Baltbasar Gerbier, and Her Children." Studies in the History of Art 5 (1973): 6-22. Link

Woollett, A. and Suchtelen, A. V. Rubens and Brueghel: A working friendship. Zwolle: Waanders, 2008. Link

 

Van Dyck


Brown, C. "Anthony van Dyck at Work: “The Taking of Christ” and “Samson and Delilah”. Wallraf-Richartz-Jahrbuch 55 (1994): 43-54. Link

Christiansen, C. et. al., “Van Dyck’s Painting Technique, His Writings, and Three Paintings in the National Gallery of Art”, Anthony Van Dyck, National Gallery, Washington, 1990, pp. 45-52.

Harth, A., Van der Snickt, G., Schalm, O. et al. “The young Van Dyck’s fingerprint: a technical approach to assess the authenticity of a disputed painting”. Herit Sci 5, 22 (2017). Link

Roy, A. “The National Gallery Van Dycks: Technique and Development”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 20 (1999): 50–83. Link

White, C. “Anthony van Dyck: Thomas Howard the Earl of Arundel”, Getty Museum Studies on Art, Malibu, California, (1995). Link

 

Vermeer


Costaras, N. "A Study of the Materials and Techniques of Johannes Vermeer." Studies in the History of Art 55 (1998): 144-67. Link

Delaney, J.K., Dooley, K.A., van Loon, A. et al. “Mapping the pigment distribution of Vermeer’s Girl with a Pearl Earring”. Herit Sci 8, 4 (2020). Link

Delsaute, J-L. "The Camera Obscura and Painting in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries." Studies in the History of Art 55 (1998): 110-23. Link

De Meyer, S., Vanmeert, F., Vertongen, R. et al. “Imaging secondary reaction products at the surface of Vermeer’s Girl with the Pearl Earring by means of macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction scanning”. Herit Sci 7, 67 (2019). Link

Elkhuizen, W.S., Callewaert, T.W.J., Leonhardt, E. et al. “Comparison of three 3D scanning techniques for paintings, as applied to Vermeer’s ‘Girl with a Pearl Earring’”. Herit Sci 7, 89 (2019). Link

Gifford, M. E. "Painting Light: Recent Observations on Vermeer's Technique." Studies in the History of Art 55 (1998): 184-99. Link

Groen, K M, Van Der Werf, I D, Jan Van Den Berg, K, and Boon, J J. "Scientific Examination of Vermeer's ‘Girl with a Pearl Earring’". Studies in the History of Art 55 (1998): 168-83. Link

Kuhn, H. "A study of the pigments and grounds used by Jan Vermeer". Report and Studies in the History of Art, National Gallery, Washington, (1968): 41-107.

Levy-Van Halm, K. "Where Did Vermeer Buy His Painting Materials? Theory and Practice." Studies in the History of Art 55 (1998): 136-43. Link

Mahon, D., Centeno, S.A., Iacono, M. et al. “Johannes Vermeer’s Mistress and Maid: new discoveries cast light on changes to the composition and the discoloration of some paint passages”. Herit Sci 8, 30 (2020). Link

Miedema, H. "Johannes Vermeer's ‘Art of Painting’" Studies in the History of Art 55 (1998): 284-93. Link

Sheldon, L and Costaras, N. "Johannes Vermeer's ‘Young Woman Seated at a Virginal’”. The Burlington Magazine 148, no. 1235 (2006): 89-97. Link

Vandivere, A., van Loon, A., Callewaert, T. et al. “Fading into the background: the dark space surrounding Vermeer’s Girl with a Pearl Earring. Herit Sci 7, 69 (2019). Link

Vandivere, A., Wadum, J., van den Berg, K.J. et al. “From ‘Vermeer Illuminated’ to ‘The Girl in the Spotlight’: approaches and methodologies for the scientific (re-)examination of Vermeer’s Girl with a Pearl Earring”. Herit Sci 7, 66 (2019). Link

Vandivere, A., van Loon, A., Dooley, K.A. et al. “Revealing the painterly technique beneath the surface of Vermeer’s Girl with a Pearl Earring using macro- and microscale imaging”. Herit Sci 7, 64 (2019). Link

Vandivere, A., Wadum, J., Leonhardt, E. “The Girl in the Spotlight: Vermeer at work, his materials and techniques in Girl with a Pearl Earring”. Herit Sci 8, 20 (2020). Link

Vandivere, A. “The technical (re-)examination of Vermeer’s Girl with a Pearl Earring”. Herit Sci 8, 26 (2020). Link

van Loon, A., Vandivere, A., Delaney, J.K. et al. “Beauty is skin deep: the skin tones of Vermeer’s Girl with a Pearl Earring”. Herit Sci 7, 102 (2019). Link

van Loon, A., Gambardella, A.A., Gonzalez, V. et al. “Out of the blue: Vermeer’s use of ultramarine in Girl with a Pearl Earring”. Herit Sci 8, 25 (2020). Link

Wadum, J. "Contours of Vermeer." Studies in the History of Art 55 (1998): 200-23. Link

Eighteenth Century Painting

Ackroyd, P., Carr, D., Spring, M. “Mazo's ‘Queen Mariana of Spain in Mourning’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 26 (2005): 43–55. Link

Ackroyd, P., Roy, A., Wine, H. “Nicolas Lancret's ‘The Four Times of Day’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 25 (2004): 48–61. Link

Baetjer, K and Dobkin, J. "Benjamin Franklin's Daughter". Metropolitan Museum Journal, v. 38 (2003). Link

Bennet, S. and Leonard, M. “A Sublime and Masterly Performance: The Making of Sir Joshua Reynolds’s Sarah Siddons as the Tragic Muse.” In A Passion for Performance. Sarah Siddons and her Portraitists, 97-140. Link

Bomford, D. and Roy, A. “Canaletto’s Venice: ‘The Feast day of S. Roch’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 6 (1982): 40-43. Link

Bomford, D. and Roy, A. “Hogarth’s ‘Marriage a la Mode’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 6 (1982): 44-67. Link

Bomford, D. and Roy, A., Saunders, D. “Gainsborough’s ‘Dr Ralph Schomberg’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 12 (1988): 44-57. Link

Doherty, T, Phenix, A, Schönemann, A, Rizzo, A. “Oudry’s Painted Menagerie. A technical study of selected works from a series of animal portraits by Jean-Baptiste Oudry with reference to the artist’s lectures on painting technique to the French Royal Academy". In Study And Serendipity: Testimonies Of Artists’ Practice, Proceedings of ICOM-CC Art Technological Source Research (ATSR) Working Group, 3rd International Symposium, 12-13 June 2008. Glasgow University, UK. Link

Duval, A R. "Les Préparations Colorées Des Tableaux De L'Ecole Française Des Dix-septième Et Dix-huitième Siècles." Studies in Conservation 37, no. 4 (1992): 239-58. Link

Effmann, E. and Baetjer, K. “View of the Molo: A Canaletto Attribution Reinstated” and “Canaletto Paints the Molo from the Ponte della Paglia”. In Studying and Conserving Paintings. Occasional Papers on the Samuel H. Kress Collection, 189-206. Archetype Publications, 2006. Link 1, Link 2

Faillant-Dumas, L. "Antoine Watteau: Etude au laboratoire de recherche des musées de France" Watteau: technique picturale et problemes de restauration, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Grand Hall, du 22 novembre au 12 décembre 1986, Série spéciale des annales d'histoire de l'art et d'archéologie, Cahier études 1.

Gent, A., Roy, A. Morrison, R. “Catalogue: Joshua Reynolds in the National Gallery and Wallace Collection”, National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol. 35 (2014): 32–96. Link

Gent, A. Roy, A. Morrison, R. “Practice Makes Imperfect: Reynolds’s Painting Technique”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 35, 12-30. Link

Hunter, M C. "Joshua Reynolds's "Nice Chymistry": Action and Accident in the 1770s." The Art Bulletin 97, no. 1 (2015): 58-76. Link

Ingamells, J, Lank, H. "The Cleaning of Watteau's 'Les Charmes De La Vie'". The Burlington Magazine 125, no. 969 (1983): 733-39. Link

Leonard, M. “Notes on the Restoration of Jean-Batiste Oudry’s Rhinoceros and Lion”. In Oudry’s Painted Menagerie, 105-118. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Publications, 2007. Link

Leonard, M., Roy, A. and Schaeffer, S. “Two Versions of The Fountain of Love by Jean-Honoré Fragonard”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 29 (2008): 31-45. Link

Leone, S. “The State of Research into French Eighteenth-Century Techniques in Painting on Canvas and Artists’ Painting Materials, with an Introduction to Le Pileur d'Apligny Traité des Couleurs Matérielles, et de la Manière de Colorer, Relativement aux Différens Arts & Métiers (Paris, 1779).” Research Project for Seminar Credit for Conservation of Paintings. May 7, 2004.

Mayer, L, Myers, G. “Painting with Wax in Britain and America during the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries”. AIC Paintings Speciality Group Postprints, Vol 18 (2006): 53-66.

Mills, J. and White, R. “The Mediums Used by George Stubbs: some further studies”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 9 (1985): 60-64. Link

Morrison, R. “Mastic and Megilp in Reynolds’s ‘Lord Heathfield of Gibraltar’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 31 (2010): 112–128. Link

Morton, M (Editor) with contributions by Bailey, C, Belozerskaya, M, Bremer-David, C, Frank, C, Giviskos, C, and Leonard, M. Oudry’s Painted Menagerie: Portraits of Exotic Animals in Eighteenth-Century Europe. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Publications, 2007. Link

Oudry, Jean-Baptiste. “Discourse on the Practice of Painting and its Main Processes: Underpainting, Overpainting and Retouching”. Delivered to the Academie Royale, 2nd December 1752. Link

Oudry, Jean-Baptiste. “Reflections on the Method of Studying Color by Comparing Objects with Each Other”. Delivered to the Academie Royale, 7th June, 1749. Link

Pemberton-Pigott, V, “The Development of Canaletto’s Painting Technique”, Baetjer et. al., Canaletto, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1989, pp. 53-62. Link

“Preface to Jean-Baptise Oudry’s Lectures on Painting Technique Delivered to the French Royal Academy in 1749 and 1752”. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Publications. Link

Spring, M, Billinge, R, Treves, L, von Aderkas, N, Higgitt, C, van Loon, A, and Dik, J. "Goya's Portraits in the National Gallery: Their Technique, Materials and Development." National Gallery Technical Bulletin 37 (2016): 78-104. Link

Talley, M.K, “All good pictures crack: Sir Joshua Reynolds’s practice and studio”, Penny, N. et. al., Reynolds, Harry Abrams, New York, 1986, pp. 55-70.

Talley, M.K. Portrait Painting in England: Studies in the Technical Literature before 1700. New Haven: Yale Center for British Art, 1981.

Talley, M.K., Groen, K, White, R. "Thomas Bardwell and his practice of painting: a comparative investigation between described and actual painting technique" and "An examination of Thomas Bardwell's portraits: the media", Studies in Conservation 20, 1975, pp. 44-113. Link 1, Link 2

Vanderlip de Carbonnel, K. “A Study of French Painting Canvases”. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 20:1 (1980): 3-20. Link

White, R., Roy, A., Mills, J., Plesters, J. “Research Note - George Stubbs's ‘Lady and Gentleman in a Carriage’: A Preliminary Note on the Technique”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 4 (1980): 64. Link

Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Painting

Allan, S C. "A Pretty Piece of Painting: Gauguin's ‘Arii Matamoe’". Getty Research Journal, no. 4 (2012): 75-90. Link

Belloli, L. “Lost Paintings beneath Picasso’s La Coiffure”. Metropolitan Museum Journal, Vol. 40 (2005): 151-62. Link

Bomford et. al. Art in the Making: Impressionism. London: National Gallery, 1990.

Bomford, D. and Roy, A. “Manet's ‘The Waitress’: An Investigation into its Origin and Development'. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 7 (1983): 3-19. Link

Centeno, S. et. al. “Van Gogh’s Irises and Roses: the contribution of chemical analyses and imaging to the assessment of color changes in the red lake pigments”. Heritage Science (2017) 5:18. Link

Christiansen, C. “The Painting Materials and Technique of Paul Gauguin”. Conservation Research, Studies in the History of Art, Monograph Series II (1993): 63-104.Washington: National Gallery of Art.

Cobbe, A. "Colourmen's canvas stamps as an aid to dating paintings: a classification of Winsor and Newton canvas stamps form 1839-1920". SIC 21 no. 2 (1976). Link

Defeyt, C., Van Vyve, E., Leen, F. et al. “Revealing Gauguin’s practice: multi-analytical approach of the Portrait de Suzanne Bambridge”. Herit Sci 6, 20 (2018). Link

Favero, P.A., Mass, J., Delaney, J.K. et al. “Reflectance imaging spectroscopy and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence mapping used in a technical study of The Blue Room by Pablo Picasso”. Herit Sci 5, 13 (2017). Link

Ferreira, E.S.B., Gros, D., Wyss, K. et al. “Faded shine… The degradation of brass powder in two nineteenth century paintings”. Herit Sci 3, 24 (2015). Link

Garland, P S. "Josef Albers: His Paintings, Their Materials, Technique, and Treatment." Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 22, no. 2 (1983): 62-67. Link

Geldof, M., Proaño Gaibor, A.N., Ligterink, F. et al. “Reconstructing Van Gogh’s palette to determine the optical characteristics of his paints”. Herit Sci 6, 17 (2018). Link

Gifford, E. M. "Manet's "At the Café:" Development and Structure." The Journal of the Walters Art Gallery 42/43 (1984): 98-104. Link

Herbert, R. et. al. Technical Investigation of the Grande Jatte, Seurat and the Making of the Grande Jatte, Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago, 2004, 178-229.

Herens, E., Defeyt, C., Walter, P. et al. “Discovery of a woman portrait behind La Violoniste by Kees van Dongen through hyperspectral imaging”. Herit Sci 5, 14 (2017). Link

Herring, S. "Six Paintings by Corot: Methods, Materials and Sources." National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 30 (2009): 86-112. Link

Hoenigswald, A. "Kazimir Malevich's Paintings: Surface and Intended Appearance." Studies in the History of Art 57 (1997): 108-25. Link

Katz, M. “William Holman Hunt and the Pre-Raphaelite Technique”. In Historical Painting Techniques, Materials and Studio Practice, 158-165. University of Leiden, June 1995. Link

Keith, L. “Mixed Media in the Work of Charles-Francois Daubigny: Analysis and Implications for the Conservator”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 23 (2002): 42-9. Link

Khandekar, N, Mancusi-Ungaro, C, Cooper, H, Rosenberger, C, Eremin, K, Smith, K, Stenger, J, and Kirby, D. "A Technical Analysis of Three Paintings Attributed to Jackson Pollock." Studies in Conservation 55, no. 3 (2010): 204-15. Link

Kirby, J. and Roy, A. “Paul Delaroche: A Case Study of Academic Painting”. In Historical Painting Techniques, Materials and Studio Practice, 166-175. University of Leiden, June 1995. Link

Kirby, J., Stonor, K., Roy, A., Burnstock, A., Grout, R., White, R. “Seurat's Painting Practice: Theory, Development and Technology”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 24 (2003): 4–37. Link

Langley, A and Zuccari, F. “Seurat and the Making of The Grand Jatte”. AIC Paintings Speciality Group Postprings, Vol 28 (2006): 67-75.

Leighton, J., Reeve, A., Roy, A., White, R. “Vincent Van Gogh's ‘A Cornfield, with Cypresses’”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 11 (1987): 42–59. Link

Martins, A., Coddington, J., Van der Snickt, G. et al. “Jackson Pollock’s Number 1A, 1948: a non-invasive study using macro-x-ray fluorescence mapping (MA-XRF) and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) analysis”. Herit Sci 4, 33 (2016). Link

Mayer, R., "Some notes on nineteenth century canvas makers", Technical Studies, Vol 10 (1942).
Reissner, E. "Ways of Making: Practice and Innovation in Cézanne's Paintings in the National Gallery." National Gallery Technical Bulletin 29 (2008): 4-30. Link

Richardson, J. “Crimes Against the Cubists”. The New York Review (June 16, 1983). Link

Riopelle, C. "Renoir: The Great Bathers." Philadelphia Museum of Art Bulletin 86, no. 367/368 (1990): 3-40. Link

Robbins, A., Stonor, K. 'Past, Present, Memories: Analysing Edouard Vuillard’s "La Terrasse at Vasouy"'. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 33 (2012): 82–112. Link

Rosi, F., Grazia, C., Fontana, R. et al. “Disclosing Jackson Pollock’s palette in Alchemy (1947) by non-invasive spectroscopies”. Herit Sci 4, 18 (2016). Link

Roy, A., Billinge, R., Riopelle, C. “Renoir’s ‘Umbrellas’ Unfurled Again”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 33 (2012): 73–81. Link

Roy, A. “The Palettes of Three Impressionist Paintings”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 9 (1985): 12–20. Link

Ruskin, J. On Turner’s Recent Works (Reprinted in Issues in the Conservation of Paintings, Getty Conservation Institute, 2004, p. 24 f.).

Simonenko, N.P., Solovey, V.R., Shumikhin, K.V. et al. “A study of ‘The Portrait of F.P. Makerovsky in a Masquerade Costume’ by Dmitry Levitsky from the collection of the State Tretyakov Gallery”. Herit Sci 8, 6 (2020). Link

Sheldon, L. “Methods and Materials of the Pre-Raphaelite circle in the 1850’s”, IIC, Contributions to the Dublin Congress, 7-11 September, 1998, pp. 229-34. Link

Swicklik, M. "French Painting and the Use of Varnish, 1750-1900." Studies in the History of Art 41 (1993): 156-74. Link

Townsend, J. “Painting Techniques and Materials of Turner and Other British Artists 1775-1875”. In Historical Painting Techniques, Materials and Studio Practice, 176-185. University of Leiden, June 1995. Link

Townsend, J H. "The Materials of J. M. W. Turner: Pigments." Studies in Conservation 38, no. 4 (1993): 231-54. Link

American Painting

Chase, W.T., Hutt, J.R. "Aaron Draper Shattuck's patent stretcher keys". SIC vol. 17, no 1 (1972). Link

Dwyer, D. “John F. Kensett’s Painting Technique”. In John Frederick Kensett. An American Master, W. W. Norton & Company, 1985, 163-180.

Hackney, S. “Art for art’s sake: The materials and techniques of James McNeil Whistler (1834-1903)". Historical Painting Techniques, Materials and Studio Practice, Preprints of a Symposium, University of Leiden, the Netherlands, 26-29 June, 1995, pp. 186-90.

Katlan, A. “The American artist’s tools and materials for on-site oil sketching”, JAIC, vol 38, No. 1 (1999): 21-32. Link

Mahon, D, and Centeno, S. “A Technical Study of John Singer Sargent’s Portrait of Madame Pierre Gautreau.” The Metropolitan Museum Journal v. 40 (2005). Link

Mayer, L, and Myers, G. American Painters of Technique 1860-1945. Los Angeles, CA: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2013.

Mayer, L, and Myers, G. American Painters on Technique: The Colonial Period to 1860. Los Angeles, CA: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2011.

Mayer. L, and Myers, G. “American Impressionism, Matteness and Varnishing”. JAIC, vol. 43, no. 3 (2004): 237-254. Link

Mayer, L, and Myers, G. “Bierstadt and other 19th century American painters in context”. JAIC, vol 38, no. 1 (1999): 55-67. Link

Mayer, L, and Myers, G. “Old Master Recipes in 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s: Curry, Marsh, Doerner, and Maroger”. JAIC, vol 41 (2002): 30. Link

Roque, O R. “The Last Summer’s Work”. In John Frederick Kensett: An American Master. Edited by John Paul Driscoll and John K. Howat. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1985.

Shibayama, N, Mahon, D, Centeno, S, and Carò, F. "John Singer Sargent's Mrs. Hugh Hammersley: Colorants and Technical Choices to Depict an Evening Gown". Metropolitan Museum Journal v. 53 (2018). Link

Smith, G D., Hamm, J F., Kushel, D A., Rogge, C E. “What’s Wrong with this Picture? The Technical Analysis of a Known Fogery”. In Collaborative Endeavors in the Chemical Analysis of Art and Cultural Heritage Materials. Chapter 1, 1-21. Link

Tucker, M, and Gutman, N. “The Pursuit of True Tones”. Thomas Eakins, Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2001.

Zucker, J. “From the ground up: the ground in 19th century American Pictures”. JAIC, Vol. 38, No. 1 (1999): 3-20. Link

Painting Construction

Support - Canvas

Bossard, E. "Tüchleinmalerei - eine billige Ersatztechnik?" Zeitschrift fur Kunstgeschickts, Vol 1, 1982.

Brachert, T. "Ammerkungen zur Problematik des Tuchleinbildes", Maltechnik Restauro, Vol 2, April 1985.

Bomford, D., Roy, A., Smith, A. "The Technique of Dirc Bouts: Two Paintings Contrasted". National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol. 10 (1986). Link

Hackney, S. "Texture and application: preserving the evidence in oil painting". Appearance, opinion, change: evaluating the look of paintings, London: The United Kingdom Institute for Conservation, 1990, pp.22-25.

Philippot, A, Goetghebeur, N. Guislain-Wittermann, R. "L'Adoration des Mages de Bruegel au Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles. Traitment d'un 'Tuchlein'". Bulletin de L'Institut Royal du Patrimoine Artistique, Vol 11 (1969).

Pieh, G. "Aspekte einer Durer Restaurierung", Maltechnik Restauro, Vol 2 (1985).

Vanderlip de Carbonnel, K. “A Study of French Painting Canvases”. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 1980. Link

Villers, C. “Artist canvas: a history”. ICOM Ottowa (1981).

Villers, C. The Fabric of Images, Introduction. London: Archetype Publications, 2000, vii-x.

Wolfthal, D. The Beginnings of Netherlandish Canvas Painting: 1400-1530, Cambridge, 1989.

Support - Panel

Castelli, C, Gualdani, G, Gusmeroli, L, Mazzanti, P, Riparbelli, L, Santacesaria, A, Togni, M, Uzielli, L. “Il restauro del supporto ligneo della Natività attribuita a Cesare da Sesto. Messa a punto di un metodo per il dimensionamento e l’adeguamento elastico della traversatura originale”. Rivista dell’Opificio delle Pietre Dure e Laboratori di Restauro di Firenze v. 30 (2018). Link

The Structural Conservation of Panel Paintings. Proceedings of a symposium at the J. Paul Getty Museum, April 1995, J. Paul Getty Trust, 1998. Link

Support - Copper and Stone

Komanecky, M., Horowitz, I. and Eastaugh, N. “Antwerp Artists and the Practice of Painting on Copper”. In Painting Techniques: History, Materials and Studio Practice, IIC (1998): 136-9.

Horovitz, I. “Paintings on Copper: A brief overview of their conception, creation and conservation.” In Proceedings from the symposium, Paintings on copper: and other metal plates: production, degradation and conservation issues. València, Spain (2017): 17-26.

Nygren, C J. “Titian’s Ecce Homo on Slate: Stone, Oil, and the Transubstantiation of Painting”. The Art Bulletin, 99:1 (2017): 36-66. Link

Phoenix Art Museum. Copper as Canvas, exhibition catalogue, 1999.

Tüchlein

Bomford, D., Roy, A., Smith, A. “The Techniques of Dieric Bouts: Two Paintings Contrasted”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 10 (1986): 39-57. Link

Carr, D. W. Andrea Mantegna - The Adoration of the Magi. Los Angeles, CA: J. P. Getty Museum, 1997. Link

Cavigli, R. “I Dipinti su Tela di Andrea Mantegna: Tradizione Tecnica ed Interpretazione Umanistica”. Università di ca’ Foscari Venezia, Corso di Laurea Specialistica in Storia delle Arti e Conservazione dei Beni, Anno Accademico 2003-04. Link

Roy, A. “The Technique of a ‘Tüchlein" by Quinten Massys'”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 12 (1988):36-43. Link

Scully, S and Seidel, C. “A Tüchlein by Justus van Ghent: The Adoration of the Magi in the Metropolitan Museum of Art Re-Examined”. Journal of Historians of Netherlandish Art 8:1 (Winter 2016). Link

Villers, C. "Paintings on Canvas in Fourteenth Century Italy." Zeitschrift Für Kunstgeschichte 58, no. 3 (1995): 338-58. Link

Underdrawing

Bambach, C. Drawing and Painting in the Italian Renaissance Workshop: Theory and Practice, 1300-1600. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, December 1999.

Bellucci, R. and Frossinini, C. “Di greco in latino: Considerazioni sull’underdrawing di Giotto, come modello mentale”. L’officina di Giotto. Il restauro della Croce di Ognissanti. Florence (2010): 167-177. Link

Bomford, D. Art in the Making: Underdrawings in Renaissance Paintings. Cat. Exh. London: The National Gallery, October 30, 2002-February 16, 2003.

Frosinini, C. “Carte lucide nella trattatistica d’arte e nelle fonti (con alcune ipotesi di tracce materiali)”. Opificio delle Pietre Dure, Firenze (2016). Link

Pigments

Andersen, C.K., Bonaduce, I., Andreotti, A. et al. “Characterisation of preparation layers in nine Danish Golden Age canvas paintings by SEM–EDX, FTIR and GC–MS”. Herit Sci 5, 34 (2017). Link

Berrie, B. “Unusual Pigments Found in a Painting by Giotto (1266-1337) Reveal Diversity of Materials Used by Medieval Artists”. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 20(S3), 2014-2015. Link

Berrie, BH. and Lomax, SQ. "Azo Pigments: Their History, Synthesis, Properties, and Use in Artists' Materials." Studies in the History of Art 57 (1997): 8-33. Link

Bidaud, E, Halwax, E, Pantos, E, and Sipek, B. "Analyses of a Green Copper Pigment Used in a Thirteenth-Century Wall Painting." Studies in Conservation 53, no. 2 (2008): 81-92. Link

Billinge, R., Gordon, D. 'The Use of Gilded Tin in Giotto's "Pentecost"'. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 29 (2008): 76–80. Link

Borgia, I, and Seccaroni, C. "L'azzurro Di Smalto Nella Pittura E Nelle Fonti Italiane Del XV E XVI Secolo." OPD Restauro, no. 17 (2005): 152-64. Link

Carò, F., Centeno, S.A., Mahon, D. “Painting with recycled materials: on the morphology of calcite pseudomorphs as evidence of the use of wood ash residues in Baroque paintings”. Herit Sci 6, 3 (2018). Link

Centeno, S.A., Hale, C., Carò, F. et al. “Van Gogh’s Irises and Roses: the contribution of chemical analyses and imaging to the assessment of color changes in the red lake pigments”. Herit Sci 5, 18 (2017). Link

Clarke, M. "A Nineteenth-Century Colourman's Terminology." Studies in Conservation 54, no. 3 (2009): 160-69. Link

Coccato, A., Moens, L., Vandenabeele, P. “On the stability of mediaeval inorganic pigments: a literature review of the effect of climate, material selection, biological activity, analysis and conservation treatments”. Herit Sci 5, 12 (2017). Link

Corbeil, M-C, and Sirois, P J. "A Note on a Modern Lead White, Also Known as 'Synthetic Plumbonacrite'". Studies in Conservation 52, no. 4 (2007): 281-88. Link

Cosentino, A. “Identification of pigments by multispectral imaging; a flowchart method”. Herit Sci 2, 8 (2014). Link

Degano, I., Tognotti, P., Kunzelman, D. et al. “HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-Q-ToF characterisation of early 20th century lake and organic pigments from Lefranc archives”. Herit Sci 5, 7 (2017). Link

DeLancey, Julia A. "'In the Streets Where They Sell Colors': Placing "vendecolori" in the Urban Fabric of Early Modern Venice." Wallraf-Richartz-Jahrbuch 72 (2011): 193-232. Link

Eastaugh, N. Pigment Compendium. London: Butterworths, 2005.

Feller, R., ed. Artists’ Pigments: A Handbook of their History and Characteristics, Vol. I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Link

Fitzhugh, E. W., ed. Artists’ Pigments: A Handbook of their History and Characteristics, Vol. III. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. Link

Fonseca, B., Schmidt Patterson, C., Ganio, M. et al. “Seeing red: towards an improved protocol for the identification of madder- and cochineal-based pigments by fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy (FORS)”. Herit Sci 7, 92 (2019). Link

Ford, T., Rizzo, A., Hendriks, E. et al. “A non-invasive screening study of varnishes applied to three paintings by Edvard Munch using portable diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS)”. Herit Sci 7, 84 (2019). Link

Geldof, M., van der Werf, I.D., Haswell, R. “The examination of Van Gogh’s chrome yellow pigments in ‘Field with Irises near Arles’ using quantitative SEM–WDX”. Herit Sci 7, 100 (2019). Link

Gettens and Stout. Paintings Materials, A Short Encyclopedia. New York: Van Nostrand, 1942 (reprinted by Dover Books, still in print).

Groen, K. "In the Beginning There Was Red." In The Learned Eye: Regarding Art, Theory, and the Artist's Reputation, edited by Van Den Doel Marieke, Van Eck Natasja, Korevaar Gerbrand, Tummers Anna, and Weststeijn Thijs, by Van De Wetering Ernst, 18-27. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2005. Link

Groen, K, and Goedings, T. “Dutch Pigment Terminology II, ‘Scheit’ Yellow o ‘Schijt’ Yellow?”. Hamilton Kerr Institute Bulletin 2, University of Cambridge, 1994, 87-86.

Harley, R. Artist’s Pigments 1600-1835. Archetype, 2001 reprint.

Higgitt, C., Spring, M., Saunders, D. “Pigment-medium Interactions in Oil Paint Films containing Red Lead or Lead-tin Yellow”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 24 (2003): 75–95. Link

Keune, K., Mass, J., Mehta, A. et al. “Analytical imaging studies of the migration of degraded orpiment, realgar, and emerald green pigments in historic paintings and related conservation issues”. Herit Sci 4, 10 (2016). Link

Kirby, J. “Fading and Colour Change of Prussian Blue”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 14 (1993): 62-71. Link

Kirby, J., Spring, M., Higgitt, C. “The Technology of Red Lake Pigment Manufacture: Study of the Dyestuff Substrate”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 26 (2005): 71–87. Link

Kirby, J. and Saunders, D. “Fading and Colour Change of Prussian Blue: Methods of Manufacture and the Influence of Extenders”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 25 (2004): 73–99. Link

Kirby, J. and White, R. “The Identification of Red Lake Pigment Dyestuffs and a Discussion of their Use”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 17 (1996): 56–80. Link

La Nasa, J., Lluveras-Tenorio, A., Modugno, F. et al. “Two-step analytical procedure for the characterization and quantification of metal soaps and resinates in paint samples”. Herit Sci 6, 57 (2018). Link

Levin, B, Nguyen, K, Holtz, M, Wiggins, M, Thomas, M, Tveit, E, Mass, J, Opila, R, Beebe, T, Muller, D. “Reverse Engineering Cadmium Yellow Paint from Munch’s ‘The Scream’ with Correlative 3-D Spectroscopic and 4-D Crystallographic STEM”. Microscopy and Microanalysis 22 (2016): 258-259. Link

Mass, J., Barnaby, D., Xguyen, K., Holtz, M., Thomas, M., Tveit, E., Muller, D. “Understanding and Predicting Cadmium Yellow Pigment Failure Mechanisms in the Works of the Early Modernists Using STEM Methodologies”. Microscopy and Microanalysis 24 (2018). Link

Mass, J.L., Opila, R., Buckley, B. et al. “The photodegradation of cadmium yellow paints in Henri Matisse’s Le Bonheur de vivre (1905–1906)”. Appl. Phys. A 111, 59–68 (2013). Link

Mass, J, Sedlmair, J, Patterson, C Schmidt, Carson, David, Buckley, Barbara, Hirschmugl, Carol. “SR-FTIR imaging of the altered cadmium sulfide yellow paints in Henri Matisse’s Le Bonheur de vivre (1905-6)-examination of visually distinct degradation regions”. Analyst, Issue 20 (2013). Link

Nabais, P., Melo, M.J., Lopes, J.A. et al. “Microspectrofluorimetry and chemometrics for the identification of medieval lake pigments”. Herit Sci 6, 13 (2018). Link

National Academy of Sciences. Scientific Examination of Art: Modern Techniques in Conservation and Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 2005. Link

Nodari, L. and Ricciardi, P. “Non-invasive identification of paint binders in illuminated manuscripts by ER-FTIR spectroscopy: a systematic study of the influence of different pigments on the binders’ characteristic spectral features”. Herit Sci 7, 7 (2019). Link

Otero, V., Campos, M.F., Pinto, J.V. et al. “Barium, zinc and strontium yellows in late 19th–early 20th century oil paintings”. Herit Sci 5, 46 (2017). Link

Phipps, E. "Cochineal Red: The Art History of a Color." The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 67, no. 3 (2010): 4-48. Link

Richter, M, Hahn, O, and Fuchs, R. "Purple Fluorite: A Little Known Artists' Pigment and Its Use in Late Gothic and Early Renaissance Painting in Northern Europe." Studies in Conservation 46, no. 1 (2001): 1-13. Link

Roy, A, ed., Artists’ Pigments: A Handbook of their History and Characteristics, Vol. II. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. Link

Roy, A., Berrie, B. “A new lead-based yellow in the seventeenth century”. IIC, Contributions to the Dublin Congress, 7-11 September, 1998, pp. 160-5. Link

Saunders, D. and Kirby, J. “Light Induced Colour changes in Red and Yellow Lake Pigments”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 15 (1994) 79-97. Link

Šefců, R., Chlumská, Š., Hostašová, A. “An investigation of the lead tin yellows type I and II and their use in Bohemian panel paintings from the Gothic period”. Herit Sci 3, 16 (2015). Link

Seldes, AM., Burucúa, JE, Maier, MS, Abad, G, Jáuregui, A, and Siracusano, G. "Blue Pigments in South American Painting (1610-1780)." Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 38, no. 2 (1999): 100-23. Link

Spring, M. “Colourless Powdered Glass as an Additive in Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century European Paintings”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 33 (2012):4–26. Link

Spring, M. “New insights into the materials of fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Netherlandish paintings in the National Gallery, London”. Herit Sci 5, 40 (2017). Link

Spring, M., Grout, R. “The Blackening of Vermilion: An Analytical Study of the Process in Paintings”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin (2002): 60-51. Link

Uffelman, E.S., Hobbs, P.A., Barisas, D.A.G. et al. “pXRF analyses of Louise Herreshoff’s paintings in relation to CdS and other pigment degradation issues”. Appl. Phys. A 111, 9–14 (2013). Link

van Loon. “Color changes and chemical reactivity in seventeenth-century oil paintings”. PhD thesis, University of Amsterdam. 15 January 2008. Link

van Loon, A., Noble, P., Krekeler, A. et al. “Artificial orpiment, a new pigment in Rembrandt’s palette”. Herit Sci 5, 26 (2017). Link

Vetter, W., Latini, I., Schreiner, M. “Azurite in medieval illuminated manuscripts: a reflection-FTIR study concerning the characterization of binding media”. Herit Sci 7, 21 (2019). Link

White, R. “Brown and Black Organic Glazes, Pigments and Paints”. National Gallery Technical Bulletin Vol 10 (1986): 58-71. Link

Woudhuysen-Keller, R. “Aspects of Painting Technique in the Use of Verdigris and Copper Resinate,” In Historical Painting Techniques, Materials and Studio Practice, 65-68. University of Leiden, June 1995. Link

Frame

Baetjer, K, with Shelley, M, Hale, C, and Moyer, C. "Benjamin Franklin, Ambassador to France: Portraits by Joseph Siffred Duplessis". Metropolitan Museum Journal, v. 52 (2017). Link

Newbery, T J, Bisacca, G, and Kanter, L B. Italian Renaissance Frames. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1990. Link

Powell, C. and Allen, Z. Italian Renaissance Frames at the V&A. A Technical Study. Routledge, 2009. Link

Conservation and Technical Analysis

History of Conservation

Conti, Alessandro. A History of the Restoration and Conservation of Works of Art. Translated by Helen Glanville. Oxford UK: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007. Link

Hoeniger, C. "The Restoration of the Early Italian "Primitives" during the 20th Century: Valuing Art and Its Consequences." Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 38, no. 2 (1999): 144-61. Link

Massing, A. Painting restoration before La Restauration: the origins of the profession in France. Harvey Miller,  Hamilton Kerr Institute, University of Cambridge, 2017.

Van de Laar, De Haan, Karuvits, Wallert, Wolters. “From Wood to Canvas: Antonis Mor, Portraits of Sir Thomas Gresham and Anne Fernely”. The Rijksmuseum Bulletin, 58, 3, (2010): 246-65.
Note: transfer at the Hermitage

Woudhuysen-Keller, R. and P. “The history of egg white varnishes”. Hamilton Kerr Institute, Bulletin 2, University of Cambridge, 1994, pp. 89 ff.

Approaches and Cleaning Controversies

"Amber for ever". The Times Literary Supplement, no. 5300, (29 Oct. 2004): 13. The Times Literary Supplement. Historical Archive, 1902-2014. Link

Anderson, J. “The First Cleaning Controversy at the National Gallery, 1846-1853 (1990)”. In Issues in the Conservation of Paintings. The Getty Conservation Institute Los Angeles (2004).

Baldini, U, and Casazza, O. The Crucifix by Cimabue. 1982.

Bomford, D, and Leonard, M. Issues in the Conservation of Paintings. Los Angeles, CA: Getty Publications, 2005. Link

Brealey, J. M. “Who needs a conservator?”. In Issues in the Conservation of Paintings, 118-123, Bomford and Leonard ed., The Getty Conservation Institute, 2004.

Brommelle, N. “Material for a History of Conservation”. Studies in Conservation 2:4, 176-188. (1956). Link

Colalucci, G. Michelangelo and I: Facts, people, surprises and discoveries in the restoration of the Sistine Chapel. Città del Vaticano: Musei Vaticani, 2016. Link

Dykstra, S. "The Artist's Intentions and the Intentional Fallacy in Fine Arts Conservation." Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 35, no. 3 (1996): 197-218. Link

Frosinini, C. “Dal Restauro e col Restauro: l’atto critico della ricerca”. (2013). Link

Garland, J. ed. Early Italian Paintings: Approaches to Conservation, Proceedings of a Symposium at the Yale University Art Gallery in April 2002, Yale University Art Gallery 2003, New Haven.

Garland, P S, and Mention, E. "Loss and Restoration: Yale's Early Italian Paintings Reconsidered." Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin (1999): 32-43. Link

Gombrich, E.H. “Dark Varnishes: Variations on a theme from Pliny”. Burlington Magazine, CIV, (1962): 51-55. (Reprinted in Issues in the Conservation of Paintings, Getty Conservation Institute (2004): 507 f.) Link

Great Britain, Parliament, House of Commons. Select Committee on the National Gallery. “Report: together with the proceedings of the Committee, minutes of evidence, appendix and index, ordered by the House of Commons, to be printed, 4 August 1853”. London. Link

Hedley, G. “Long lost relations and new found relativities: issues in the cleaning of paintings”. Appearance, Opinion, Change: Evaluating the look of Paintings, UKIC, 1990, pp. 8-13 (Reprinted in Issues in the Conservation of Paintings, Getty Conservation Institute, 2004, p. 407 ff).

Hochfield, S. "The Great National Gallery Cleaning Controversy". Art News, Vol. 77, No. 8 (1978): 58ff.

Keck, S. "Some Picture Cleaning Controversies: Past and Present." Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 23, no. 2 (1984): 73-87. Link

Kurz, O. “Varnishes, Tinted Varnishes and Patina”. The Burlington Magazine, CIV, (1962): 56-59. Link

Leonard, M ed. “Personal Viewpoints: Thoughts About Paintings Conservation”. In A Seminar Organized by the J. Paul Getty Museum, The Getty Conservation Institute, and the Getty Research Institute at the Getty Center, Los Angeles, June 21–22, 2001. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute. Link

Modestini, D D. "John Brealey and the Cleaning of Paintings." Metropolitan Museum Journal 40 (2005): 27-36. Link

Philippot, P. "La notion de Patine et Le Nettoyage des Peintures". Bull. de L'institut Royal du Patrimoine Artistique, (Reprinted in English translation in Historical and Philosophical Issues in the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, The J. Paul Getty Trust, 1996, pp. 372-376  and in Issues in the Conservation of Paintings, Getty Conservation Institute, 2004, p. 391 ff.).

Perusini, G. “Cleaning controversies im 19. Jahrhundert: Die Pariser Debatten (1851-1860)”, in Restauratorenblättern, 31 (2012):77- 81. Reflexionen für Manfred Koller, a cura di F. Bindernagel e M. Griesser-Stermscheg, Klosterneuburg, Verlag Stif Klosterneuburg. Link

Richardson, J. “Crimes against the Cubists”. (Reprinted in Historical and Philosophical Issues in the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, The J. Paul Getty Trust, 1996, pp. 185-192 and in Issues in the Conservation of Paintings, Getty Conservation Institute, 2004, p. 531 ff.).

Sitwell, C, and Staniforth, S. “Studies in the History of Painting Restoration”. In Proceedings of a symposium held in London, 23 February 1996. Archetype Publications. 1998.

Smyth, C. et. al. “The Aesthetic and Historical Aspects of the Presentation of Damaged Pictures”. Problems of the 19th and 20th Centuries. Studies in Western Art.  Acts of the Twentieth International Congress of the History of Art, Vol. IV, Princeton, 1963.

UNESCO, The Care of Paintings, Report of the Weaver Commission which concluded the post-war cleaning controversy at the National Gallery London. Also includes essays on cleaning: Louvre by Rene Huyghe; Brandi on Sebastiano del Piombo; Van Schendel on Rembrandt’s Night Watch; The cleaning of pictures at the National Gallery London; Paul Coremans on the scientist’s point of view.  All articles were published in Museum, Volumes III, nos. 2,3, 1950, and Vol IV, No. 1, 1951.

Structural Treatment of Canvas

Diamond, J, and Young, C. “Reducing Cupping Without Lining?”. In Alternatives to Lining: The structural treatment of paintings on canvas without lining. A conference held jointly by the British Association of Paintings Conservator-Restorers and the United Kingdom Institute for Conservation Paintings Section. 19 September 2003.

Goddard, P. “Humidity chambers and their application to the treatment of deformations in fabric‐supported paintings”. The Conservator, 13:1, (1989): 20-24. Link

Hackney, S. “Paintings on Canvas: Lining and Alternatives”. Tate Papers no. 2 (Autumn 2004). Link

Hartman, L. “A Useful Tool for the Repair of Gaping Tears: The RH Trecker”. WAAC Newsletter, Volume 33, Number 3 (September 2011). Link

Mecklenburg, M F. “Some Aspects of the Mechanical Properties of Fabric-Supported Paintings.” Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1982. Link

Oriola-Folch, M., Campo-Francés, G., Nualart-Torroja, A. et al. “Novel nanomaterials to stabilise the canvas support of paintings assessed from a conservator’s point of view”. Herit Sci 8, 23 (2020). Link

Tomkiewicz, C. “A Tensioning Device for the Reduction of Severe Planar Distortions in Paintings”. WAAC Newsletter, Volume 35, Number 2 (May 2013). Link

Cleaning and Varnishes

Baglioni, M, Alterini, M, Chelazzi, D, Giorgi, R, Baglioni P. “Removing Polymeric Coatings with Nano Structured Fluids: Influence of Substrate, Nature of the Film, and Application Methodology”. Frontiers in Materials, v. 6 (2019): 311. Link

Baglioni, P, Dei, L, Carretti, E, Giorgi, R. “Gels for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage”. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids 25 (2009): 8373-4. Link

Baij, L., Astefanei, A., Hermans, J. et al. “Solvent-mediated extraction of fatty acids in bilayer oil paint models: a comparative analysis of solvent application methods”. Herit Sci 7, 31 (2019). Link

Baij, L., Hermans, J., Ormsby, B. et al. “A review of solvent action on oil paint”. Herit Sci 8, 43 (2020). Link

Brealey, J. M. “Who needs a conservator?”. In Issues in the Conservation of Paintings, 118-123, Bomford and Leonard ed., The Getty Conservation Institute, 2004.

Caley, T. "Aspects of varnishes and the cleaning of oil paintings before 1700". Cleaning, retouching and coatings: technology and practice for easel paintings and polychrome sculpture, Preprints of the contributions to the Brussels Congress, 3-7 September 1990, pp.70-72. Link

De La Rie, R. "Photochemical and Thermal Degradation of Films of Dammar Resin." Studies in Conservation 33, no. 2 (1988): 53-70. Link

De La Rie, R. "The Influence of Varnishes on the Appearance of Paintings." Studies in Conservation 32, no. 1 (1987): 1-13. Link

De la Rie, R, and McGlinchey, C. “New Synthetic Resins for Picture Varnishes”. Studies in Conservation, 35:sup1, (1990): 168-173. Link

De La Rie, R, and McGlinchey, C. "Stabilized Dammar Picture Varnish." Studies in Conservation 34, no. 3 (1989): 137-46. Link

De la Rie, R and McGlinchey, C. “The Effect of a Hindered Amine Light Stabilizer on the Aging of Dammar and Mastic Varnish in an Environment Free of Ultraviolet Light”. Studies in Conservation, 35 (1990):160-164. Link

De La Rie, R, and Shedrinsky, A. "The Chemistry of Ketone Resins and the Synthesis of a Derivative with Increased Stability and Flexibility." Studies in Conservation 34, no. 1 (1989): 9-19. Link

Erhardt, D, Tumosa, C and Mecklenburg, M. "Long-Term Chemical and Physical Processes in Oil Paint Films." Studies in Conservation 50, no. 2 (2005): 143-50. Link

Evans, J. “The Fine Art of Stripping: A Chemistry Problem in Conservation [online]”. Chemistry in Australia, Vol. 72, No. 2 (Mar 2005): 8-11. Link

Feller, R L. “Standards in the evaluation of thermoplastic”. ICOM Committee for Conservation. 5th Triennial Meeting Preprints, Zagreb, 1-8 Oct (1978).

Ford, T., Rizzo, A., Hendriks, E. et al. “A non-invasive screening study of varnishes applied to three paintings by Edvard Munch using portable diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS)”. Herit Sci 7, 84 (2019). Link

Gombrich, E.H. “Dark Varnishes: Variations on a theme from Pliny”. Burlington Magazine, CIV, (1962): 51-55. (Reprinted in Issues in the Conservation of Paintings, Getty Conservation Institute (2004): 507 f.) Link

Koller, J. "Cleaning of a Nineteenth-Century Painting with Deoxycholate Soap: Mechanism and Residue Studies" Cleaning, Retouching and Coatings: Technology and Practice for Easel Paintings and Polychrome Sculpture: Preprints of the Contributions to the Brussels Congress, 3-7 September 1990. Link

Kurz, O. “Varnishes, Tinted Varnishes and Patina”. The Burlington Magazine, CIV, (1962): 56-59. Link

Mecklenburg, M, Charola, A. and Koestler, R. “New Insights into the Cleaning of Paintings: Proceedings from the Cleaning 2010 International Conference, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia and Museum Conservation Institute”. Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation 3 (2013): 1-243. Link

Michalski, S. “A Physical Model of the Cleaning of Oil Paint”. Studies in Conservation, 35 (1990): 85-92. Link

Moretti, P., Iwanicka, M., Melessanaki, K. et al. “Laser cleaning of paintings: in situ optimization of operative parameters through non-invasive assessment by optical coherence tomography (OCT), reflection FT-IR spectroscopy and laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIF)”. Herit Sci 7, 44 (2019). Link

Ormsby, B, Keefe, M, Phenix, A, von Aderkas, E, Learner, T, Tucker, C and Kozak, C. “Mineral Spirits-Based Microemulsions: A Novel Cleaning System for Painted Surfaces”. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 55:1(2016):12-31. Link

Phenix, A. “A Generic Hydrocarbon Solvents: a Guide to Nomenclature”. WAAC Newsletter, Volume 29, Number 2 (May 2007). Link

Phenix, A and Sutherland, K. “The cleaning of paintings: effects of organic solvents on oil paint films”. Studies in Conservation 46 (2001): 47-60. Link

Phenix, A. "The Swelling of Artists' Paints in Organic Solvents. Part 2, Comparative Swelling Powers of Selected Organic Solvents and Solvent Mixtures." Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 41, no. 1 (2002): 61-90. Link

Schilling, M R., Khanjian, H P., Carson, D M. “Fatty acid and glycerol content of lipids; effects of ageing and solvent extraction on the composition of oil paints”. Techne: La science au service de l’histoire de l’art et des civilisations. v.5 (1997).

Schmitt, S. “Examination of paintings treated by Pettenkofer’s process”. Cleaning, Retouching and Coatings, IIC, Preprints of the contributions to the Brusssels Congress, 3-7 September, 1990, pp. 81-85. Link

Stavroudis, C. “Azeotropes from A to Z”. WAAC Newsletter, Volume 28, Number 2, (May 2006). Link

Sutherland, K.R. “Solvent Extractable Components of Oil Paint Films”. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam. 25 April 2001. Link

Sutherland, K, and Shibayama, N. “The components of oil paint films extracted by organic solvents”. ICOM Committee for Conservation, Paintings I: Conservation and restoration of paintings, Vol 1 (1999).

van Doelem G.A. “Molecular Studies of Fresh and Aged Triterpenoid Varnishes''. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam. 25 March 1999. Link

White, R and Roy, A. "GC-MS and SEM Studies on the Effects of Solvent Cleaning on Old Master Paintings from the National Gallery, London." Studies in Conservation 43, no. 3 (1998): 159-76. Link

Imaging Techniques

Delaney, J.K., Conover, D.M., Dooley, K.A. et al. “Integrated X-ray fluorescence and diffuse visible-to-near-infrared reflectance scanner for standoff elemental and molecular spectroscopic imaging of paints and works on paper”. Herit Sci 6, 31 (2018). Link

Delaney, J.K., Thoury, M., Zeibel, J.G. et al. “Visible and infrared imaging spectroscopy of paintings and improved reflectography”. Herit Sci 4, 6 (2016). Link

Dik, J and Wittkopp, A. “Non-destructive Analysis of Historical Paintings with Spatially Resolved XRF”. Bruker Nano GmbH, Berlin Webinar, April 30th, 2014.

Eveno, M., Ravaud, E., Calligaro, T. et al. “The Louvre Crucifix by Giotto - Unveiling the original decoration by 2D-XRF, X-ray radiography, Emissiography and SEM-EDX analysis”. Herit Sci 2, 17 (2014). Link

Fuster López, L. Stols-Witlox, M. Picollo, M. “UV-Vis Luminescence imaging techniques/ Técnicas de imagen de luminiscencia UV-Vis”. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València (2020). Link

MacLennan, D., Llewellyn, L., Delaney, J.K. et al. “Visualizing and measuring gold leaf in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Italian gold ground paintings using scanning macro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy: a new tool for advancing art historical research”. Herit Sci 7, 25 (2019). Link

Simpson Grant, M. “The Use of Ultraviolet Induced Visible-Fluorescence in the Examination of Museum Objects, Part I”. National Park Service Conserve O Gram Number 1/9 (December 2000). Link

Simpson Grant, M. “The Use of Ultraviolet Induced Visible-Fluorescence in the Examination of Museum Objects, Part II”. National Park Service Conserve O Gram Number 1/10 (December 2000). Link