Pantoja de la Cruz
Juan Pantoja de la Cruz
1554-1608
Juan Pantoja de la Cruz was born in Valladolid in 1553; he died in Madrid in 1608. After the death of his teacher Sanchez Coello in 1588, he was appointed painter to the court of Philip II. Pantoja de la Cruz continued in this capacity after the accession of Philip III and in 1598 was given the title 'Pintor de Camara'. Only during the last fifteen years of his life (1593-1608) are there specifically signed and dated works. Portrait painter to the royal family and the aristocracy, Pantoja accompanied the annual migrations of the Spanish court to the royal residences of Valladolid, Burgos, Lerma and El Escorial. His religious subjects incorporate royal portraits in the role of attendant figures. From 1600-07 Pantoja was commissioned to portray sixty-six members of the royal family, their ancestors and other relations. After the Prado fire of 1604, Pantoja restored the damaged works by Titian, Moro and Sanchez Coello. He also made a preparatory drawing for the equestrian statue of Philip III begun by Giovanni Bologna and completed by Pietro Tacca. Pantoja's extremely conservative art, continuing that of Antonio Moro and Sanchez Coello, was to prove important for the development of his great follower, Diego Velazquez.
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